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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Management >Phreatophytic vegetation and groundwater fluctuations: A review of current research and application of ecosystem response modeling with an emphasis on Great Basin vegetation
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Phreatophytic vegetation and groundwater fluctuations: A review of current research and application of ecosystem response modeling with an emphasis on Great Basin vegetation

机译：植物植被和地下水波动：以大盆地植被为重点的生态系统响应模型的当前研究和应用综述

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摘要

Although changes in depth to groundwater occur naturally, anthropogenic alterations may exacerbate these fluctuations and, thus, affect vegetation reliant on groundwater. These effects include changes in physiology, structure, and community dynamics, particularly in arid regions where groundwater can be an important water source for many plants. To properly manage ecosystems subject to changes in depth to groundwater, plant responses to both rising and falling groundwater tables must be understood. However, most research has focused exclusively on riparian ecosystems, ignoring regions where groundwater is available to a wider range of species. Here, we review responses of riparian and other species to changes in groundwater levels in arid environments. Although decreasing water tables often result in plant water stress and reduced live biomass, the converse is not necessarily true for rising water tables. Initially, rising water tables kill flooded roots because most species cannot tolerate the associated low oxygen levels. Thus, flooded plants can also experience water stress. Ultimately, individual species responses to either scenario depend on drought and flooding tolerance and the change in root system size and water uptake capacity. However, additional environmental and biological factors can play important roles in the severity of vegetation response to altered groundwater tables. Using the reviewed information, we created two conceptual models to highlight vegetation dynamics in areas with groundwater fluctuations. These models use flow charts to identify key vegetation and ecosystem properties and their responses to changes in groundwater tables to predict community responses. We then incorporated key concepts from these models into EDYS, a comprehensive ecosystem model, to highlight the potential complexity of predicting community change under different fluctuating groundwater scenarios. Such models provide a valuable tool for managing vegetation and groundwater use in areas where groundwater is important to both plants and humans, particularly in the context of climate change.
机译：尽管地下水的深度变化是自然发生的，但人为改变可能加剧这些波动，从而影响依赖于地下水的植被。这些影响包括生理，结构和群落动态的变化，尤其是在干旱地区，地下水可能是许多植物的重要水源。为了正确管理受地下水深度变化影响的生态系统，必须了解植物对地下水位上升和下降的反应。但是，大多数研究只集中在河岸生态系统上，而忽略了地下水可用于更广泛物种的区域。在这里，我们回顾了河岸和其他物种对干旱环境中地下水位变化的响应。尽管减少的地下水位通常会导致植物缺水并减少活性生物量，但反之，对于增加的地下水位并不一定成立。最初，地下水位上升会杀死淹水的根，因为大多数物种无法忍受相关的低氧水平。因此，水淹的植物也可能​​遭受水分胁迫。最终，单个物种对这两种情况的反应都取决于干旱和洪水的耐受性以及根系大小和吸水能力的变化。但是，其他环境和生物因素在植被对地下水位变化的反应严重性中也可以发挥重要作用。利用所审查的信息，我们创建了两个概念模型来突出地下水波动地区的植被动态。这些模型使用流程图来识别关键的植被和生态系统特性，以及它们对地下水位变化的响应，以预测社区的响应。然后，我们将这些模型的关键概念整合到了EDYS（一个全面的生态系统模型）中，以突出预测在不同的地下水波动情况下预测社区变化的潜在复杂性。这样的模型为管理地下水和植物对人类和人类都很重要的地区提供了宝贵的工具，特别是在气候变化的背景下。

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