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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Management >Paisang (Quercus griffithii): A Keystone Tree Species in Sustainable Agroecosystem Management and Livelihoods in Arunachal Pradesh, India
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Paisang (Quercus griffithii): A Keystone Tree Species in Sustainable Agroecosystem Management and Livelihoods in Arunachal Pradesh, India

机译：Paisang（Quercus griffithii）：印度阿鲁纳恰尔邦可持续农业生态系统管理和生计的重点树种

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摘要

In a study of the traditional livelihoods of 12 Monpa and Brokpa villages in Arunachal Pradesh, India using social-ecological and participatory rural appraisal techniques, we found that the forest tree species paisang (Quercus griffithii, a species of oak) is vital to agroecosystem sustainability. Paisang trees are conserved both by individuals and through community governance, because their leaves play a crucial role in sustaining 11 traditional cropping systems of the Monpa peoples. An Indigenous institution, Chhopa, regulates access to paisang leaves, ensuring that the relationship between paisang and traditional field crop species within Monpa agroecosystems is sustainable. The Monpa farmers also exchange leaves and agricultural products for yak-based foods produced by the transhumant Brokpa, who are primarily yak herders. Yak herds also graze in paisang groves during winter. These practices have enabled the conservation of about 33 land-races, yak breeds, and a number of wild plants. Paisang thus emerged as a culturally important keystone species in the cultures and livelihoods of both Monpa and Brokpa. Ecological and conservation knowledge and ethics about paisang vary with gender, social systems, and altitudes. Labor shortages, however, have already caused some changes to the ways in which paisang leaves are used and yak grazing patterns are also changing in the face of changes in attitude among local landowners. Given new competing interests, incentives schemes are now needed to conserve the ecologically sustainable traditional livelihoods.
机译：在对印度阿鲁纳恰尔邦的12个Monpa和Brokpa村庄的传统生计进行的研究中，我们使用了社会生态学和参与式农村评估技术，我们发现林木种paisang（栎属Quercus griffithii，一种橡树）对于农业生态系统的可持续发展至关重要。派桑树无论是个人还是社区治理都可以保护，因为它们的叶子在维持蒙帕人的11种传统种植系统中起着至关重要的作用。 Chhopa是一个土著机构，负责监管Paisang叶片的获取，确保Paisang与Monpa农业生态系统内的传统田间作物物种之间的关系是可持续的。蒙帕农民还用树叶和农产品交换由超人类的布罗克帕（主要是牛牧民）生产的牛类食品。冬季，牛群也会在派桑树林中放牧。这些做法已保护了约33种地方品种，牛品种和许多野生植物。因此，派桑在蒙帕（Monpa）和布罗帕（Brokpa）的文化和生计中成为重要的文化基石物种。有关派桑的生态和保护知识与道德因性别，社会制度和海拔高度而异。然而，劳动力短缺已经导致使用派桑叶的方式发生了一些变化，面对当地土地所有者的态度变化，牛放牧方式也在发生变化。考虑到新的竞争利益，现在需要制定奖励计划来保护生态可持续的传统生计。

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