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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Monitoring and Assessment >Effect of imperfect detectability on adaptive and conventional sampling: simulated sampling of freshwater mussels in the upper Mississippi River
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Effect of imperfect detectability on adaptive and conventional sampling: simulated sampling of freshwater mussels in the upper Mississippi River

机译：不完善的可检测性对自适应采样和常规采样的影响：密西西比河上游淡水贻贝的模拟采样

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Adaptive sampling designs are recommended where, as is typical with freshwater mussels, the outcome of interest is rare and clustered. However, the performance of adaptive designs has not been investigated when outcomes are not only rare and clustered but also imperfectly detected. We address this combination of challenges using data simulated to mimic properties of freshwater mussels from a reach of the upper Mississippi River. Simulations were conducted under a range of sample sizes and detection probabilities. Under perfect detection, efficiency of the adaptive sampling design increased relative to the conventional design as sample size increased and as density decreased. Also, the probability of sampling occupied habitat was four times higher for adaptive than conventional sampling of the lowest density population examined. However, imperfect detection resulted in substantial biases in sample means and variances under both adaptive sampling and conventional designs. The efficiency of adaptive sampling declined with decreasing de-rntectability. Also, the probability of encountering an occupied unit during adaptive sampling, relative to conventional sampling declined with decreasing detectability. Thus, the potential gains in the application of adaptive sampling to rare and clustered populations relative to conventional sampling are reduced when detection is imperfect. The results highlight the need to increase or estimate detection to improve performance of conventional and adaptive sampling designs.
机译：建议采用自适应采样设计，在这种情况下，与淡水贻贝一样（典型），感兴趣的结果很少且聚集。但是，当结果不仅罕见，成簇而且检测不完善时，还没有研究自适应设计的性能。我们使用模拟密西西比河上游的淡水贻贝的模拟数据来应对挑战。在一系列样本大小和检测概率下进行了模拟。在完美检测下，自适应采样设计的效率相对于常规设计随着采样大小的增加和密度的降低而提高。同样，对占用的栖息地进行采样的适应性概率是所检查的最低密度种群的常规采样的四倍。然而，在自适应采样和常规设计下，不完善的检测会导致样本均值和方差的显着偏差。自适应采样的效率随着可检测性的降低而下降。而且，相对于常规采样，在自适应采样期间遇到占用单元的概率随着可检测性的降低而降低。因此，当检测不完善时，相对于常规采样，在将自适应采样应用于稀有和聚类种群的过程中，潜在的收益就会减少。结果强调需要增加或估计检测以改善常规和自适应采样设计的性能。

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