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Monitoring of bioaerosol inhalation risks in different environments using a six-stage Andersen sampler and the PCR-DGGE method

机译：使用六级安徒生采样器和PCR-DGGE方法监测不同环境中生物气溶胶吸入的风险

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摘要

Increasing evidences show that inhalation of indoor bioaerosols has caused numerous adverse health effects and diseases. However, the bioaerosol size distribution, composition, and concentration level, representing different inhalation risks, could vary with different living environments. The six-stage Andersen sampler is designed to simulate the sampling of different human lung regions. Here, the sampler was used in investigating the bioaerosol exposure in six different environments (student dorm, hospital, laboratory, hotel room, dining hall, and outdoor environment) in Beijing. During the sampling, the Andersen sampler was operated for 30 min for each sample, and three independent experiments were performed for each of the environments. The air samples collected onto each of the six stages of the sampler were incubated on agar plates directly at 26 ℃, and the colony forming units (CFU) were manually counted and statistically corrected. In addition, the developed CFUs were washed off the agar plates and subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) for diversity analysis. Results revealed that for most environments investigated, the culturable bacterial aerosol concentrations were higher than those of culturable fungal aerosols. The culturable bacterial and fungal aerosol fractions, concentration, size distribution, and diversity were shown to vary significantly with the sampling environments. PCR-DGGE analysis indicated that different environments had different culturable bacterial aerosol compositions as revealed by distinct gel band patterns. For most environments tested, larger (>3 μm) culturable bacterial aerosols with a skewed size distribution were shown to prevail, accounting for more than 60 %, while for culturable fungal aerosols with a normal size distribution, those 2.1-4.7 urn dominated, accounting for 20-40 %. Alternaria, Cladosporium, Chaetomium, and Aspergillus were found abundant in most environments studied here. Viable microbial load per unit of particulate matter was also shown to vary significantly with the sampling environments. The results from this study suggested that different environments even with similar levels of total microbial cutur-able aerosol concentrations could present different inhalation risks due to different bioaerosol particle size distribution and composition. This work fills literature gaps regarding bioaerosol size and composition-based exposure risks in different human dwellings in contrast to a vast body of total bioaerosol levels.
机译：越来越多的证据表明，吸入室内生物气溶胶已经引起许多不利的健康影响和疾病。但是，代表不同吸入风险的生物气溶胶粒径分布，组成和浓度水平可能会随不同的生活环境而变化。六级安徒生采样器旨在模拟不同人肺区域的采样。在这里，采样器用于调查北京六种不同环境（学生宿舍，医院，实验室，酒店房间，食堂和室外环境）中的生物气溶胶暴露情况。在采样过程中，每个样品的安德森采样器运行30分钟，并针对每种环境进行三个独立的实验。将收集到采样器六个阶段中每个阶段的空气样本直接在26℃的琼脂平板上孵育，并人工计数菌落形成单位（CFU）并进行统计校正。此外，从琼脂板上洗去已开发的CFU，并进行聚合酶链反应（PCR）-变性梯度凝胶电泳（DGGE）进行多样性分析。结果表明，在大多数调查环境中，可培养细菌气溶胶的浓度均高于可培养真菌气溶胶的浓度。结果表明，可培养的细菌和真菌气溶胶组分，浓度，大小分布和多样性随采样环境的不同而有很大差异。 PCR-DGGE分析表明，不同的环境具有不同的可培养细菌气溶胶成分，这通过不同的凝胶带模式得以揭示。对于大多数测试环境，显示出较大的（> 3μm）可培养的细菌气雾剂，其偏斜的分布占主导地位，占60％以上，而对于具有正常大小分布的可培养的真菌气雾剂，则占2.1-4.7微米，占主导地位。 20-40％。在这里研究的大多数环境中都发现了链霉菌，枝孢菌属，Chaetomium和曲霉。还表明，每单位颗粒物的可行微生物负荷随采样环境的不同而有很大差异。这项研究的结果表明，由于不同的生物气溶胶粒径分布和组成，即使具有相似水平的总微生物可定气溶胶浓度，不同的环境也可能呈现不同的吸入风险。与大量的总生物气溶胶水平相比，这项工作填补了有关生物气溶胶尺寸和基于组合物在不同人类住宅中的暴露风险的文献空白。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Environmental Monitoring and Assessment》 |2013年第5期|3993-4003|共11页
  • 作者

    Zhenqiang Xu; Maosheng Yao;

  • 作者单位

    State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciencesand Engineering, Peking University,Beijing 100871, China;

    State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciencesand Engineering, Peking University,Beijing 100871, China;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    six-stage andersen sampler- bacterial and fungal aerosols; diversity; inhalation risks;

    机译：六级安徒生采样器-细菌和真菌气雾剂;多样性吸入风险;

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