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The occurrence and hydrochemistry of fluoride and boron in carbonate aquifer system, central and western Estonia

机译：爱沙尼亚中西部碳酸盐含水层系统中氟化物和硼的发生及其水化学

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摘要

Silurian-Ordovician (S-O) aquifer system is an important drinking water source of central and western Estonia. The fluoride and boron contents of groundwater in aquifer system vary considerably. The fluoride concentration in 60 collected groundwater samples ranged from 0.1 to 6.1 mg/1 with a mean of 1.95 mg/1 in the study area. Boron content in ground-water varied from 0.05 mg/1 to 2.1 mg/1 with a mean value of 0.66 mg/1. Considering the requirements of EU Directive 98/83/EC and the Estonian requirements for drinking water quality, the limit value for fluoride (1.5 mg/1) and for boron (1.0 mg/1) is exceeded in 47 and 28 % of wells, respectively. Groundwater with high fluoride and boron concentrations is found mainly in western Estonia and deeper portion of aquifer system, where groundwater chemical type is HCO_3-Cl-Na-Mg-Ca, water is alkaline, and its Ca~(2+) content is low. Groundwater of the study area is undersaturat-ed with respect to fluorite and near to equilibrium phase with respect to calcite. The comparison of TDS versus Na/(Na+Ca) and C1/(C1+HCO_3) points to the dominance of rock weathering as the main process, which promotes the availability of fluoride and boron in the groundwater. The geological sources of B in S-0 aquifer system have not been studied so far, but the dissolution of fluorides from carbonate rocks (F= 100-400 mg/kg) and K-bentonites (F= 2,800-4,500 mg/kg) contributes to the formation of F-rich groundwater.
机译：志留纪-奥陶纪（S-O）含水层系统是爱沙尼亚中部和西部的重要饮用水水源。含水层系统中地下水的氟和硼含量变化很大。在研究区域内，收集的60个地下水样品中的氟化物浓度范围为0.1至6.1 mg / 1，平均为1.95 mg / 1。地下水中的硼含量在0.05 mg / 1至2.1 mg / 1之间变化，平均值为0.66 mg / 1。考虑到欧盟指令98/83 / EC的要求以及爱沙尼亚对饮用水水质的要求，在47％和28％的井中均超过了氟化物（1.5 mg / 1）和硼（1.0 mg / 1）的限值，分别。氟化物和硼含量高的地下水主要存在于爱沙尼亚西部和含水层系统的较深部分，地下水化学类型为HCO_3-Cl-Na-Mg-Ca，水为碱性，Ca〜（2+）含量低。研究区域的地下水相对于萤石而言饱和度较低，而相对于方解石而言则接近平衡相。 TDS与Na /（Na + Ca）和C1 /（C1 + HCO_3）的比较表明，岩石风化作用是主要过程，这促进了地下水中氟化物和硼的利用。到目前为止，尚未研究过S-0含水层系统中B的地质来源，但是氟化物从碳酸盐岩（F = 100-400 mg / kg）和K-膨润土（F = 2,800-4,500 mg / kg）中溶解。有助于形成富含F的地下水。

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