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Analysis of long-term water quality for effective river health monitoring in peri-urban landscapes: a case study of the Hawkesbury-Nepean river system in NSW, Australia

机译：长期水质分析，以有效监测城市周边地区的河流健康：以澳大利亚新南威尔士州的霍克斯伯里-尼皮安河水系为例

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摘要

The Hawkesbury-Nepean River (HNR) system in South-Eastern Australia is the main source of water supply for the Sydney Metropolitan area and is one of the more complex river systems due to the influence of urbanisation and other activities in the peri-urban landscape through which it flows. The long-term monitoring of river water quality is likely to suffer from data gaps due to funding cuts, changes in priority and related reasons. Nevertheless, we need to assess river health based on the available information. In this study, we demonstrated how the Factor Analysis (FA), Hierarchical Agglomerative Cluster Analysis (HACA) and Trend Analysis (TA) can be applied to evaluate long-term historic data sets. Six water quality parameters, viz., temperature, chlorophyll-a, dissolved oxygen, oxides of nitrogen, suspended solids and reactive silicates, measured at weekly intervals between 1985 and 2008 at 12 monitoring stations located along the 300 km length of the HNR system were evaluated to understand the human and natural influences on the river system in a peri- urban landscape. The application of FA extracted three latent factors which explained more than 70 % of the total variance of the data and related to the 'bio-geographical', 'natural' and 'nutrient pollutant' dimensions of the HNR system. The bio-geographical and nutrient pollution factors more likely related to the direct influence of changes and activities of peri-urban natures and accounted for approximately 50 % of variability in water quality. The application of HACA indicated two major clusters representing clean and polluted zones of the river. On the spatial scale, one cluster was represented by the upper and lower sections of the river (clean zone) and accounted for approximately 158 km of the river. The other cluster was represented by the middle section (polluted zone) with a length of approximately 98 km. Trend Analysis indicated how the point sources influence river water quality on spatio-temporal scales, taking into account the various effects of nutrient and other pollutant loads from sewerage effluents, agriculture and other point and non-point sources along the river and major tributaries of the HNR. Over the past 26 years, water temperature has significantly increased while suspended solids have significantly decreased (p< 0.05). The analysis of water quality data through FA, HACA and TA helped to characterise the key sections and cluster the key water quality variables of the HNR system. The insights gained from this study have the potential to improve the effectiveness of river health-monitoring programs in terms of cost, time and effort, particularly in a peri-urban context.
机译：澳大利亚东南部的霍克斯伯里-Nepean河（HNR）系统是悉尼都会区的主要水源，并且由于城市化和其他城市周边景观活动的影响，是更为复杂的河流系统之一通过它流动。由于资金削减，优先顺序的变化和相关原因，对河流水质的长期监测可能会遭受数据缺口的困扰。但是，我们需要根据现有信息评估河流健康。在这项研究中，我们演示了如何将因子分析（FA），分层聚集聚类分析（HACA）和趋势分析（TA）应用于评估长期历史数据集。六个水质参数，即温度，叶绿素-a，溶解氧，氮氧化物，悬浮固体和反应性硅酸盐，分别于1985年至2008年期间在沿HNR系统长度300 km的12个监测站进行了每周测量进行评估以了解城市周边景观对人和自然的影响。 FA的应用提取了三个潜在因素，这些潜在因素解释了数据总方差的70％以上，并且与HNR系统的“生物地理”，“自然”和“营养污染物”维度有关。生物地理和养分污染因素更可能与城市周边自然环境的变化和活动的直接影响有关，约占水质变化的50％。 HACA的应用表明，有两个主要的群集代表河流的干净和污染区。在空间尺度上，一个集群由河流的上部和下部（清洁区）代表，占河流的约158 km。另一个簇以中间部分（污染区）为代表，长度约为98 km。趋势分析指出了点源如何在时空范围内影响河流水质，同时考虑了污水，沿河和主要支流的其他点源和非点源的养分和其他污染物负荷的各种影响。 HNR。在过去的26年中，水温显着升高，而悬浮固体显着降低（p <0.05）。通过FA，HACA和TA对水质数据进行分析有助于表征关键部分，并聚类HNR系统的关键水质变量。从这项研究中获得的见识有可能在成本，时间和精力方面，特别是在城郊环境中，提高河流健康监测计划的有效性。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Monitoring and Assessment》 |2013年第6期|4551-4569|共19页
  • 作者

    U. Pinto; B. L. Maheshwari; R. L. Ollerton;

  • 作者单位

    School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Campus, Building H3 University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia;

    School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Campus, Building H3 University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia;

    School of Computing and Mathematics, Penrith Campus, Building Y3, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    River monitoring; Multivariate analysis; River water quality; Hawkesbury-Nepean River;

    机译：河流监测;多变量分析;河流水质;霍克斯伯里-Nepean河;

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