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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Monitoring and Assessment >Effectiveness and potential ecological effects of offshore surface dispersant use during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill: a retrospective analysis of monitoring data
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Effectiveness and potential ecological effects of offshore surface dispersant use during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill: a retrospective analysis of monitoring data

机译：在Deepwater Horizo​​n溢油事故中使用海上表面分散剂的有效性和潜在的生态影响：监测数据的回顾性分析

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The Special Monitoring of Applied Response Technologies (SMART) program was used during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill as a strategy to monitor the effectiveness of sea surface dispersant use. Although SMART was implemented during aerial and vessel dispersant applications, this analysis centers on the effort of a special dispersant missions onboard the M/V International Peace, which evaluated the effectiveness of surface dispersant applications by vessel only. Water samples (n=120) were collected from background sites, and under naturally and chemically dispersed oil slicks, and were analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (TPAHs), total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), and a chemical marker of Corexit~® (dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether, DPnB). Water chemistry results were analyzed relative to SMART field assessments of dispersant effectiveness ("not effective," "effective," and "very effective"), based on in situ fluorometry. Chemistry data were also used to indirectly determine if the use of dispersants increased the risk of acute effects to water column biota, by comparison to toxicity benchmarks. TPAH and TPH concentrations in background, and naturally and chemically dispersed samples were extremely variable, and differences were not statistically detected across sample types. Ratios of TPAH and TPH between chemically and naturally dispersed samples provided a quantitative measure of dispersant effectiveness over natural oil dispersion alone, and were in reasonable agreement with SMART field assessments of dispersant effectiveness. Samples from "effective" and "very effective" dispersant applications had ratios of TPAH and TPH up to 35 and 64, respectively. In two samples from an "effective" dispersant application, TPHs and TPAHs exceeded acute benchmarks (0.81 mg/L and 8 μg/L, respectively), while none exceeded DPnB's chronic value (1,000 μg/L). Although the primary goal of the SMART program is to provide near real-time effectiveness data to the response, and not to address concerns regarding acute biological effects, the analyses presented here demonstrate that SMART can generate information of value to a larger scientific audience. A series of recommendations for future SMART planning are also provided.
机译：在“深水地平线”溢油事故中使用了“应用响应技术特别监测”程序，以监测海面分散剂的使用效果。尽管SMART是在航空和船舶分散剂应用期间实施的，但此分析的重点是M / V International Peace上的特殊分散剂任务，该任务仅评估了船舶使用表面分散剂的有效性。从背景地点以及自然和化学分散的浮油中收集水样品（n = 120），并分析其多环芳烃（TPAH），总石油烃（TPH）和Corexit〜（二丙烯）的化学标记乙二醇正丁醚，DPnB）。基于原位荧光法，相对于SMART现场评估分散剂有效性（“无效”，“有效”和“非常有效”），分析了水化学结果。与毒性基准相比，化学数据还被用来间接确定使用分散剂是否会增加对水柱生物群急性影响的风险。 TPAH和TPH在背景中以及自然和化学分散的样品中的浓度变化很大，并且在不同样品类型之间均未统计到差异。化学和自然分散样品之间的TPAH和TPH比率提供了相对于单独的天然油分散体的分散剂有效性的定量度量，并且与SMART现场评估的分散剂有效性合理地吻合。来自“有效”和“非常有效”分散剂应用的样品的TPAH和TPH之比分别高达35和64。在“有效”分散剂应用的两个样品中，TPH和TPAH超过了急性基准（分别为0.81 mg / L和8μg/ L），而没有一个超过DPnB的慢性值（1,000μg/ L）。尽管SMART程序的主要目标是为响应提供近乎实时的有效性数据，而不是解决与急性生物学效应有关的问题，但此处介绍的分析表明SMART可以为更多的科学受众提供有价值的信息。还提供了有关未来SMART规划的一系列建议。

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