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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Pollution >A freshwater mesocosm study into the effects of the neonicotinoid insecticide thiamethoxam at multiple trophic levels
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A freshwater mesocosm study into the effects of the neonicotinoid insecticide thiamethoxam at multiple trophic levels

机译：新型营养水平的新烟碱类杀虫剂噻虫嗪效果的淡水中观研究

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Thiamethoxam is a neonicotinoid insecticide used widely in agriculture to control a broad spectrum of insect pests. To assess potential risks from this compound to non-target aquatic organisms, an outdoor mesocosm study was performed. Mesocosms (1300 L) were treated once with a formulated product with the active substance (a.s.) thiamethoxam at nominal concentrations of 1 (n = 3), 3 (n = 3), 10 (n 4), 30 (n = 4), and 100 (n = 2) mu g a.s./L, plus untreated controls (n = 4). Primary producers (phytoplankton), zooplankton, and macroinvertebrates were monitored for up to 93 days following treatment. Thiamethoxam was observed to have a water column dissipation half-life (DT50) of = 1.6-5.2 days in the mesocosms. Community-based principal response curve analysis detected no treatment effects for phytoplankton, zooplankton, emergent insects, and macroinvertebrates, indicating a lack of direct and indirect effects. A number of statistically significant differences from controls were detected for individual phytoplankton and zooplankton species abundances, but these were not considered to be treatment-related due to their transient nature and lack of concentration-response. After application of 30 mu g a.s./L, slight temporary effects on Asellus aquaticus could not be excluded. At 100 mu g a.s./L, there was an effect with no clear recovery of Asellus observed, likely due to their inability to recolonize these isolated test systems. A statistically significant but transient reduction in the emergence of chironomids by day 23 at the 100 mu g a.s./L treatment was observed and possibly related to direct toxicity from thiamethoxam on larval stages. Therefore, a conservative study specific No Observed Ecological Adverse Effect Concentration (NOEAEC) is proposed to be 30 mu g a.s./L. Overall, based on current concentrations of thiamethoxam detected in North American surface waters (typically 0.4 mu g/L), there is low likelihood of direct or indirect effects from a pulsed exposure on primary producers, zooplankton, and macroinvertebrates, including insects, as monitored in this study. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：噻虫嗪是一种新烟碱类杀虫剂，在农业中广泛用于控制各种害虫。为了评估此化合物对非目标水生生物的潜在风险，进行了室外中观研究。用配方产品与名义浓度分别为1（n = 3），3（n = 3），10（n 4），30（n = 4）的活性物质（as）噻虫嗪处理中观宇宙（1300 L） ，以及100（n = 2）微克的每升/升，加上未经处理的对照（n = 4）。在处理后长达93天的时间内对初级生产者（浮游植物），浮游动物和大型无脊椎动物进行了监测。观察到噻虫嗪在中膜的水柱耗散半衰期（DT50）<= 1.6-5.2天。基于社区的主要反应曲线分析未发现对浮游植物，浮游动物，新兴昆虫和大型无脊椎动物有治疗作用，表明缺乏直接和间接作用。对于单个浮游植物和浮游动物物种的丰度，发现与对照组有许多统计学上的显着差异，但是由于它们的短暂性和缺乏浓度反应，因此认为它们与治疗无关。施用30μga.s./L后，不能排除对水生阿瑟氏菌的轻微暂时影响。在100μg a.s./L的影响下，没有观察到Asellus的明显回收，这可能是由于它们无法重新定殖这些分离的测试系统。到第23天，以100μg a.s./L的剂量处理，虫ron虫的出现出现了统计学上显着但短暂的减少，这可能与噻虫嗪对幼虫期的直接毒性有关。因此，一项保守的研究具体未观察到的生态不利影响浓度（NOEAEC）被提议为30微克a.s./L。总体而言，根据目前在北美地表水中检测到的噻虫嗪浓度（通常<0.4μg / L），脉冲暴露对初级生产者，浮游动物和大型无脊椎动物（包括昆虫）的直接或间接影响很小，因为在这项研究中进行监控。 （C）2018 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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