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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Pollution >Water quality prospective in Twenty First Century: Status of water quality in major river basins, contemporary strategies and impediments: A review
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Water quality prospective in Twenty First Century: Status of water quality in major river basins, contemporary strategies and impediments: A review

机译：二十一世纪水质预期：主要河流流域水质现状，当代策略与障碍：综述

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摘要

Water quality improvement is one of the top priorities in the global agenda endorsed by United Nation. In this review manuscript, a holistic view of water quality degradation such as concerned pollutants, source of pollution, and its consequences in major river basins around the globe (at least 1 from each continent and a total of 16 basins) is presented. Additionally, nine contemporary techniques such as field scale evaluation, watershed scale evaluation, strategies to identify critical source areas, optimization strategies for placement of best management practices (BMPs), social component in watershed modeling, machine learning algorithms to address water quality problems in complex natural systems concomitant with spatial heterogeneity, establishing a total maximum daily loads (TMDLs), remote sensing in monitoring water quality, and developing water quality index are discussed. Next, the existing barriers to improve water quality are classified into primary and secondary impediments. A detail discussion of three primary impediments (climate change, urbanization and industrial activities, and agriculture) and ten secondary impediments (availability of water quality data, complexity of system, lack of skilled person, environmental legislation, fragmented mandate, limitation in resources, environmental awareness, resistance to change, alteration of nutrient ratio by river damming, and emerging pollutants) are illustrated. Finally, considering all the existing knowledge gaps pertaining to contemporary strategies, a future direction of water quality research is outlined to significantly improve the water quality around the globe. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：水质的改善是由联合国认可的全球议程的首要任务之一。在这次审查的手稿，水质恶化，如有关的污染物，污染的来源，及其在世界各地（至少1从每个大洲，共16个盆），主要江河流域后果的整体视图呈现。此外，九种现代技术，如现场规模评价，流域尺度评估，战略，以确定关键源区，为最佳管理操作（BMP），在流域建模社会组成部分，机器学习算法，在复杂的地址水质问题布局的优化策略自然系统伴随空间异质性，建立一个总的最大每日负载（TMDLs），远程感测监测水质，以及显影水质指标进行了讨论。接着，现有的障碍，以改善水质分为原发性和继发性障碍。的三个主要障碍（气候变化，城市化和工业活动，和农业）和十个二次障碍（水的质量数据，系统的复杂性的可用性的细节的讨论中，缺乏本领域技术人员，环境立法，零散的任务，限制了资源，环境意识，变电阻，由河堰塞养分比率，和新出现的污染物）的改变中示出。最后，考虑到所有有关当代战略现有的知识差距，水质研究的未来发展方向是概述了显著改善世界各地的水质。 （c）2020 elestvier有限公司保留所有权利。

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