Abst'/> Spatial avoidance to experimental increase of intermittent and continuous sound in two captive harbour porpoises
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Spatial avoidance to experimental increase of intermittent and continuous sound in two captive harbour porpoises

机译：在空间上避免实验性地增加了两个圈养海豚的间歇性和连续性声音

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AbstractThe continuing rise in underwater sound levels in the oceans leads to disturbance of marine life. It is thought that one of the main impacts of sound exposure is the alteration of foraging behaviour of marine species, for example by deterring animals from a prey location, or by distracting them while they are trying to catch prey. So far, only limited knowledge is available on both mechanisms in the same species. The harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) is a relatively small marine mammal that could quickly suffer fitness consequences from a reduction of foraging success. To investigate effects of anthropogenic sound on their foraging efficiency, we tested whether experimentally elevated sound levels would deter two captive harbour porpoises from a noisy pool into a quiet pool (Experiment 1) and reduce their prey-search performance, measured as prey-search time in the noisy pool (Experiment 2). Furthermore, we tested the influence of the temporal structure and amplitude of the sound on the avoidance response of both animals. Both individuals avoided the pool with elevated sound levels, but they did not show a change in search time for prey when trying to find a fish hidden in one of three cages. The combination of temporal structure and SPL caused variable patterns. When the sound was intermittent, increased SPL caused increased avoidance times. When the sound was continuous, avoidance was equal for all SPLs above a threshold of 100 dB re 1 μPa. Hence, we found no evidence for an effect of sound exposure on search efficiency, but sounds of different temporal patterns did cause spatial avoidance with distinct dose-response patterns.Graphical abstractDisplay OmittedHighlights•Two captive harbour porpoises avoid a noisy pool.•Intermittent sound elicits stronger responses than continuous sound.•Higher SPL elicits stronger responses than lower SPL.Two captive harbour porpoises avoid a noisy pool but are not affected in search time for a fish when exposed to sound.
机译： 摘要 海洋中水下声级的不断提高导致对海洋生物的干扰。人们认为，声音暴露的主要影响之一是海洋物种觅食行为的改变，例如，通过阻止动物离开猎物的位置，或者在试图捕食猎物的过程中分散他们的注意力。到目前为止，关于同一物种的两种机制的知识很少。港口海豚（ Phocoena phocoena ）是一种相对较小的海洋哺乳动物，由于觅食成功率的降低，可能很快遭受健身的影响。为了调查人为声音对其觅食效率的影响，我们测试了实验性声音水平是否会阻止两个圈养海豚从嘈杂的水池进入安静的水池（实验1）并降低它们的猎物搜索性能（以猎物搜索时间衡量）在嘈杂的游泳池中（实验2）。此外，我们测试了声音的时间结构和振幅对两只动物回避反应的影响。两个人都以较高的声级避开了水池，但是当他们试图寻找藏在三个笼子之一中的鱼时，他们的猎物搜索时间没有变化。时间结构和SPL的结合导致了可变模式。当声音断断续续时，增加的声压级会导致避免时间的增加。当声音连续时，对于高于100 dB re 1μPa阈值的所有SPL避免量相等。因此，我们没有发现证据表明声音暴露会对搜索效率产生影响，但是不同时间模式的声音确实会导致空间回避，并具有不同的剂量反应模式。 < / ce：abstract> 图形摘要 省略显示 突出显示 • 两个圈养的海豚避免了嘈杂的游泳池。 • 间歇声音比连续声音引起的响应更强烈。 • 较高的SPL比较低的SPL引起更强的响应。 两个圈养海豚避免了嘈杂的水池，但在暴露于声音的情况下，对鱼类的搜寻时间不受影响。

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