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Advances on the determination of thresholds of Cu phytotoxicity in field-contaminated soils in central Chile

机译：智利中部农田土壤中铜的植物毒性阈值测定的研究进展

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To better determine phytotoxicity thresholds for metals in the soil, studies should use actual field contaminated soil samples rather than metal-spiked soil preparations. However, there are surprisingly few such data available for Cu phytotoxicity in field-contaminated soils. Moreover, these studies differ from each other with regards to soil characteristics and experimental setups. This study aimed at more accurately estimating Cu phytotoxicity thresholds using field-collected agricultural soils (Entisols) from areas exposed to contamination from Cu mining. For this purpose, the exposure to Cu was assessed by measuring total soil Cu, soluble Cu, free Cu2+ activity, and Cu in the plant aerial tissues. On the other hand, two bioassay durations (short-term and long-term), three plant species (Avena sativa L., Brassica rapa CrGC syn. Rbr, and Lolium perenne L), and five biometric endpoints (shoot length and weight, root length and weight, and number of seed pods) were considered. Overall plant growth was best predicted by total Cu content of the soil. Despite some confounding factors, it was possible to determine EC10, EC25 and EC50 of total Cu in the soil. Brassica rapa was more sensitive than Avena sativa for all endpoints, while Lolium perenne was of intermediate sensitivity. For the short-term bioassay (21 days for all three species), the averaged EC10, EC25 and EC50 values of total soil Cu (in mg kg(-1)) were 356, 621, and 904, respectively. For the long-term bioassay (62 days for oat and 42 days for turnip), the averaged EC10, EC25 and EC50 values of total soil Cu (in mg kr(-1)) were 355, 513, and 688, respectively. The obtained results indicate that chronic test is a suitable method for assessing Cu phytotoxicity in field-contaminated soils. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：为了更好地确定土壤中金属的植物毒性阈值，研究应使用实际田间污染的土壤样品，而不是掺金属的土壤制剂。但是，令人惊讶的是，在田地污染的土壤中，有关铜的植物毒性的数据很少。此外，这些研究在土壤特性和实验设置方面彼此不同。这项研究旨在使用田间收集的农业土壤（Entisols），从暴露于铜矿开采污染的区域中，更准确地估算铜的植物毒性阈值。为此，通过测量土壤中的总铜，可溶性铜，游离铜离子活性和植物气生组织中的铜来评估铜的暴露量。另一方面，有两个生物分析持续时间（短期和长期），三个植物物种（Avena sativa L.，芸苔CrGC syn。Rbr和Lolium perenne L）以及五个生物测定终点（拍摄长度和重量，考虑了根的长度和重量，以及种子荚的数量）。通过土壤中总铜含量可以最好地预测整个植物的生长。尽管存在一些混杂因素，也可以确定土壤中总铜的EC10，EC25和EC50。在所有端点上，甘蓝型油菜比燕麦型更敏感，而黑麦草则中等。对于短期生物测定（所有三个物种均为21天），总土壤铜的平均EC10，EC25和EC50值（以mg kg（-1）计）分别为356、621和904。对于长期生物测定（燕麦62天，芜菁42天），总土壤铜的平均EC10，EC25和EC50值（以mg kr（-1）计）分别为355、513和688。所得结果表明，长期试验是评估田间污染土壤中铜的植物毒性的合适方法。 （C）2017 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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