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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Pollution >Occurrence and fate of organophosphate ester flame retardants and plasticizers in indoor air and dust of Nepal: Implication for human exposure
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Occurrence and fate of organophosphate ester flame retardants and plasticizers in indoor air and dust of Nepal: Implication for human exposure

机译：尼泊尔室内空气和粉尘中有机磷酸酯阻燃剂和增塑剂的发生和命运：对人体的影响

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摘要

The present study was carried out in Nepal, a landlocked country located between world's two most populous countries i.e. India and China. In this study, the occurrence, profiles, spatial distributions and fate of eight organophosphate ester flame retardants (OPFRs) were investigated in indoor air and house dust. Overall, the concentrations of EOPFR were in the range of 153-12100 ng/g (median732 ng/g) and 0.32-64 ng/m(3) (median 5.2 ng/m(3)) in house dust and indoor air, respectively. The sources of high OPFR in the indoor environment could be from locally used wide variety of consumer products and building materials in Nepalese houses. Significantly, high concentration of tri-cresyl phosphate (TMPP) was found both in air and dust, while tri (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP) had the highest concentration in air samples. It might be due to fact that the high concentrations of TMPP are related to intense traffic and/or nearby airports. On the other hand, significantly high concentration of TEHP could be due to anthropogenic activities. Only TEHP showed positive correlation between indoor air and house dust (Rho = 0.517, p < 0.01), while rest of compounds were either less correlated or not correlated at all. The estimated human exposure to EOPFR via different pathway of intake suggested dermal absorption via indoor dust as major pathway of human exposure to both children and adult population. However, other pathways of OPFR intake such as dietary or dermal absorption via soil may still be significant in case of Nepal. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：本研究在尼泊尔进行，尼泊尔是一个内陆国家，位于世界上两个人口最多的国家之间，即印度和中国。在这项研究中，研究了八种有机磷酸酯阻燃剂（OPFRs）在室内空气和室内灰尘中的发生，分布，空间分布和归宿。总体而言，在室内灰尘和室内空气中，EOPFR的浓度范围为153-12100 ng / g（中位数732 ng / g）至0.32-64 ng / m（3）（中值5.2 ng / m（3）），分别。室内环境中高OPFR的来源可能来自尼泊尔房屋中本地使用的各种消费产品和建筑材料。值得注意的是，在空气和灰尘中都发现了高浓度的磷酸三甲苯酯（TMPP），而空气样品中的磷酸三（2-乙基己基）酯（TEHP）浓度最高。可能是由于以下事实：高浓度的TMPP与交通繁忙和/或附近的机场有关。另一方面，TEHP的浓度很高可能是由于人为活动引起的。只有TEHP显示室内空气与室内灰尘之间呈正相关（Rho = 0.517，p <0.01），而其余化合物之间的相关性较低或根本不相关。估计人类通过不同摄入途径摄入EOPFR的情况表明，通过室内灰尘吸收皮肤是人类接触儿童和成人的主要途径。但是，在尼泊尔，OPFR的其他摄入途径（例如通过土壤的饮食或皮肤吸收）可能仍然很重要。 （C）2017 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Pollution》 |2017年第10期|668-678|共11页
  • 作者

    Yadav Ishwar Chandra; Devi Ningombam Linthoingambi; Zhong Guangcai; Li Jun; Zhang Gan; Covaci Adrian;

  • 作者单位

    Chinese Acad Sci, Guangzhou Inst Geochem, State Key Lab Organ Geochem, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, Peoples R China;

    Cent Univ South Bihar, Ctr Environm Sci, BIT Campus, Patna 800014, Bihar, India;

    Chinese Acad Sci, Guangzhou Inst Geochem, State Key Lab Organ Geochem, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, Peoples R China;

    Chinese Acad Sci, Guangzhou Inst Geochem, State Key Lab Organ Geochem, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, Peoples R China;

    Chinese Acad Sci, Guangzhou Inst Geochem, State Key Lab Organ Geochem, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, Peoples R China;

    Univ Antwerp, Toxicol Ctr, Univ Pl 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    Chlorinated alkyl phosphate; Passive air sampling; Kathmandu; Pokhara; Birgunj; Biratnagar;

    机译：氯化烷基磷酸酯;被动空气采样;加德满都;博克拉;比尔根尼;比拉特纳加尔;

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