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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental research >Is a liveable city a healthy city? Health impacts of urban and transport planning in Vienna, Austria
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Is a liveable city a healthy city? Health impacts of urban and transport planning in Vienna, Austria

机译：是一个健康城市的居住城市吗？城市和运输规划在维也纳，奥地利的健康影响

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摘要

Each year, The Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) computes the Global Liveability Index and determines the most liveable cities around the world. Vienna, Austria, was ranked by the EIU as the most liveable city worldwide in 2018 and 2019. However, the relationship between a liveable as well as healthy and environmentally-just city has not been previously explored. To explore whether the most liveable city is also a healthy and environmentally-just one, we estimated the premature mortality burden related to non-compliance with international exposure level recommendations for physical activity (PA), air pollution (PM_(2.5) and NO_2), road traffic noise, green space and heat for Vienna, as well as its distribution by socioeconomic status (SES). We applied the Urban and Transport Planning Health Impact Assessment (UTOPHIA) methodology and estimated the annual mortality, life expectancy (LE) and economic impact of non-compliance with exposure guidelines for the Viennese adult population ≥ 20 years. We compared current with recommended exposure levels, quantified the association between exposures and mortality and calculated attributable health impact fractions. Eight percent of premature mortality (i.e. 1239 deaths, 95% CI: 679-1784) was estimated to be attributable to non-compliance with the recommended exposure levels. Seventy-six percent of the attributable premature mortality was due to PM_(2.5) exposure and insufficient PA. Non-compliance also resulted in an average of 199 days of LE lost for the adult population (95% CI: 111-280) and an economic impact of 4.6 (95% CI: 2.5-6.7) billion 2015€ annually. Overall, residents of lower SES neighbourhoods faced higher risk of premature mortality due to higher exposure to NO_2, road traffic noise, heat and less green space. Despite high liveability standards according to EIU definition, a considerable premature mortality burden was attributable to non-compliance with exposure recommendations, and socioeconomic inequalities were estimated. Although the exposure attributable mortality burden was lower than in other European cities and local Viennese policies favour the reduction of motorized traffic, alongside the promotion of active and public transport and urban greening, there is room for further alignment of liveability, environmental health and justice objectives.
机译：每年，经济学人智力单位（EIU）计算全球逗留性指数，并确定世界各地最宜居的城市。奥地利维也纳被艾苏排名为2018年和2019年世界上最宜居的城市。然而，以前尚未探讨宜居和健康和环境的关系之间的关系。探索最宜居的城市是否也是一个健康和环境 - 只有一个，我们估计与不遵守国际曝光率水平建议的过早死亡负担，用于体育活动（PA），空气污染（PM_（2.5）和NO_2） ，道路交通噪音，绿色空间和维也纳的热量，以及社会经济地位的分布（SES）。我们应用了城市和运输规划健康影响评估（智利）方法论，估计年死亡率，预期寿命（LE）和不遵守viennese成年人口≥20岁的接触准则的经济影响。我们将目前与推荐的暴露水平进行比较，量化了暴露和死亡率之间的关联，并计算出应占性健康影响分数。估计八分之八（即1239人死亡，95％CI：679-1784）估计归因于不遵守推荐的暴露水平。百分之六个占性过早死亡率的百分比是PM_（2.5）曝光和PA不足。不合规也导致平均成人人口损失了199天（95％：111-280），每年的经济影响为4.6（95％：2.5-6.7）亿亿亿亿亿亿亿亿亿亿亿亿亿亿亿亿亿亿亿。总体而言，由于NO_2，道路交通噪音，热量和更少的绿地，较低的SES社区的居民面临着更高的过早死亡风险。尽管根据eiu定义，尽管达到的牲畜标准高，但大幅过早的死亡负担归因于不遵守暴露建议，估计社会经济不平等。虽然暴露应占该欧洲城市的暴露低于其他欧洲城市和地方维也纳政策，但在促进积极和公共交通和城市绿化的促进方面，仍有促进活动的氛围，环境卫生和司法目标的进一步调整余地。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental research》 |2020年第4期|109238.1-109238.14|共14页
  • 作者

    Sasha Khomenko; Mark Nieuwenhuijsen; Albert Ambros; Sandra Wegener; Natalie Mueller;

  • 作者单位

    Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal) Barcelona Spain Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML) Maastricht University Maastricht Netherlands;

    Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal) Barcelona Spain Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) Barcelona Spain CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP) Madrid Spain;

    Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal) Barcelona Spain Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) Barcelona Spain CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP) Madrid Spain;

    Institute for Transport Studies University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna Austria;

    Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal) Barcelona Spain Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) Barcelona Spain CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP) Madrid Spain;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    Premature mortality; Active transport; Green space; Air pollution; Physical activity; Socioeconomic status;

    机译：过早死亡;积极运输;绿地;空气污染;体力活动;社会经济状况;

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