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Household air pollution exposure and associations with household characteristics among biomass cookstove users in Puno, Peru

机译：普诺，秘鲁普诺生物量烹饪烹饪用户家庭空气污染暴露与家庭特征的关联

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摘要

Background: Household air pollution (HAP) from combustion of biomass fuel, such as wood and animal dung, is among the leading environmental risk factors for preventable disease. Close to half of the world's population relies on biomass cookstoves for their daily cooking needs. Understanding factors that affect HAP can inform measures to maximize the effectiveness of cookstove interventions in a cost-effective manner. However, the impact of kitchen and household characteristics, as well as the presence of secondary stoves, on HAP concentrations is poorly understood in Puno, Peru. Objective: To explore how household characteristics explain variability of kitchen area concentrations and personal exposures to CO, PM_(2.5) and BC from biomass cookstoves among women in rural Peru. Methods: Household characteristics (including kitchen materials and layout, wealth, and cooking behaviors) and HAP measurements were collected from 180 households in Puno, Peru, from baseline measurements of a randomized trial. Kitchen area concentrations and personal exposures to carbon monoxide (CO), fine paniculate matter (PM_(2.5)) and black carbon (BC) were sampled for 48 h. We implemented simple and multivariable linear regression models to determine the associations between household characteristics and both kitchen area concentration and personal exposure to each pollutant. Results: Mean daily kitchen area concentrations and personal exposures to HAP were, on average, 48 times above World Health Organization indoor guidelines for PM_(2.5). We found that roof type explained the most variability in HAP and was strongly associated with both kitchen area concentrations and personal exposures for all pollutants after adjusting for other household variables. Personal exposures were 27%-36% lower for PM_(2.5), CO and BC, in households with corrugated metal roofs, compared to roofs made of natural materials (straw, totora or reed) after adjusting for other factors. Higher kitchen area concentrations were also associated with less wealth, owning more animals, or sampling during the dry season in multivariable models. Having a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) stove and having a chimney were associated with lower personal exposures, but were not associated with kitchen area concentrations. Personal exposures were lower by 21% for PM2.5 and 28% for CO and BC concentrations among participants who had both LPG and biomass stoves compared to those with only biomass cookstoves adjusting for other household factors. Conclusions: Characterizing HAP within different settings can help identify effective and culturally-relevant solutions to reduce HAP exposures. We found that housing roof type is strongly related to kitchen area concentrations and personal exposures to HAP, perhaps because of greater ventilation in kitchens with metal roofs compared to those with thatch roofs. Although HAP concentrations remained above guidelines for all households, promoting use of metal roof materials and LPG stoves may be actionable interventions that can help reduce exposures to HAP in high-altitude rural Peru and similar settings.
机译：背景：从生物量燃料燃烧的家庭空气污染（HAP），如木材和动物粪，是预防性疾病的主要环境风险因素之一。接近世界上一半的人口依赖于生物量烹饪烹饪需求。了解影响HAP的因素可以提供可措施以具有成本效益的方式最大限度地提高烹饪干预措施的有效性。然而，在秘鲁普诺，厨房和家庭特征以及次级炉子的存在，以及次级炉子的存在很差。目的：探讨家庭特征如何解释厨房区浓度和个人风险的可变性，从农村秘鲁妇女中的生物量烹饪中的CO，PM_（2.5）和BC。方法：从秘鲁普诺普诺的180户内收集家庭特征（包括厨房材料和布局，财富和烹饪行为），从秘鲁的基准测量中收集来自普诺的180户随机试验。厨房区浓度和个人曝光到一氧化碳（CO），精细的胰腺物质（PM_（2.5））和黑碳（BC）进行了48小时。我们实施了简单和多变量的线性回归模型，以确定家庭特征与厨房区集中的关联和每个污染物的个人接触。结果：平均每日厨房区浓度和个人风险为HAP，平均而言，世界卫生组织的室内指南为PM_（2.5）。我们发现屋顶类型解释了HAP中最具变化，并且在调整其他家庭变量后，所有污染物的厨房区域浓度和个人风险都强烈关联。与瓦楞纸金属屋顶的家庭在瓦楞纸金属屋顶的家庭中，个人风险降低了27％-36％，与天然材料（秸秆，Totora或Reed）进行调整后的其他因素相比。较高的厨房区浓度也与较少的财富相关，拥有更多的动物，或在多变量型号的干燥季节中取样。具有液化石油气（LPG）炉子并具有烟囱与较低的个人风险相关，但与厨房区域浓度无关。 PM2.5和28％的个人曝光率降低了21％，对于患有LPG和生物质炉灶的参与者的CO和BC浓度，与只有其他家庭因素调整的生物量烹饪灶的参与者的参与者之间的参与者的浓度降低。结论：在不同的环境中表征HAP可以帮助确定有效和文化相关的解决方案，以减少HAP曝光。我们发现房屋屋顶型与厨房区浓度和个人风险强烈相关，也许是因为与金属屋顶的厨房通风更大，与茅草屋顶有更多的通风。尽管HAP浓度仍然是所有家庭的准则，但促进金属屋顶材料和LPG炉子的使用可能是可操作的干预措施，可以帮助减少在高海拔农村秘鲁和类似环境中对HAP的曝光。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Environmental research》 |2020年第12期|110028.1-110028.11|共11页
  • 作者

    Magdalena Fandino-Del-Rio; Josiah L. Kephart; Kendra N. Williams; Lawrence H. Moulton; Kyle Steenland; William Checkley; Kirsten Koehler;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Environmental Health and Engineering Bloomberg School of Public Health Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21205 USA Center for Global Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21205 USA;

    Department of Environmental Health and Engineering Bloomberg School of Public Health Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21205 USA Center for Global Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21205 USA;

    Center for Global Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21205 USA Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care School of Medicine Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21205 USA;

    Program in Global Disease Epidemiology and Control Department of International Health Bloomberg School of Public Health Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21205 USA;

    Department of Environmental Health Rollins School of Public Health Emory University Atlanta GA 30322 USA;

    Center for Global Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21205 USA Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care School of Medicine Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21205 USA Program in Global Disease Epidemiology and Control Department of International Health Bloomberg School of Public Health Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21205 USA;

    Department of Environmental Health and Engineering Bloomberg School of Public Health Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21205 USA;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    Biomass cookstove; Household air pollution; Particulate matter; Carbon monoxide; Black carbon;

    机译：生物量烹饪器;家用空气污染;颗粒物质;一氧化碳;黑碳;

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