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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental research >Sex-specific neurotoxic effects of heavy metal pollutants: Epidemiological, experimental evidence and candidate mechanisms
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Sex-specific neurotoxic effects of heavy metal pollutants: Epidemiological, experimental evidence and candidate mechanisms

机译：重金属污染物的性别特异性神经毒性作用：流行病学，实验证据和候选机制

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摘要

The heavy metals lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and cadmium (Cd) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants and are known to exert severe adverse impacts on the nervous system even at low concentrations. In contrast, the heavy metal manganese (Mn) is first and foremost an essential nutrient, but it becomes neurotoxic at high levels. Neurotoxic metals also include the less prevalent metalloid arsenic (As) which is found in excessive concentrations in drinking water and food sources in many regions of the world. Males and females often differ in how they respond to environmental exposures and adverse effects on their nervous systems are no exception. Here, we review the different types of sex-specific neurotoxic effects, such as cognitive and motor impairments, that have been attributed to Pb, Hg, Mn, Cd, and As exposure throughout the life course in epidemiological as well as in experimental toxicological studies. We also discuss differential vulnerability to these metals such as distinctions in behaviors and occupations across the sexes. Finally, we explore the different mechanisms hypothesized to account for sex-based differential susceptibility including hormonal, genetic, metabolic, anatomical, neuro-chemical, and epigenetic perturbations. An understanding of the sex-specific effects of environmental heavy metal neurotoxicity can aid in the development of more efficient systematic approaches in risk assessment and better exposure mitigation strategies with regard to sex-linked susceptibilities and vulnerabilities.
机译：重金属铅（Pb），汞（Hg）和镉（Cd）是普遍存在的环境污染物，并且已知即使在低浓度下也能对神经系统产生严重的不利影响。相比之下，重金属锰（Mn）首先是最重要的营养素，但它变成高水平的神经毒性。神经毒性金属还包括较少普遍的金属体砷（AS），其在世界许多地区的饮用水和食物来源中发现过多的浓度。男性和女性经常有所不同，它们如何应对环境暴露和对神经系统的不利影响也不例外。在这里，我们审查了不同类型的性别特异性神经毒性效应，如认知和电机损伤，这些效应归因于Pb，Hg，Mn，Cd，以及作为流行病学以及实验性毒理学研究的整个生命过程中的暴露。我们还讨论这些金属的差异脆弱性，例如性别跨越行为和职业的区别。最后，我们探讨了假设的不同机制，以考虑性差异易感性，包括激素，遗传，代谢，解剖学，神经化学品和表观遗传扰动。对环境重金属神经毒性的性别特异性效果的理解可以帮助开发风险评估中更有效的系统方法，以及关于性关系的敏感性和脆弱性的更好的暴露缓解策略。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental research》 |2021年第10期|111558.1-111558.32|共32页
  • 作者

    Meethila Gade; Nicole Comfort; Diane B. Re;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Environmental Health Sciences Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University New York NY USA;

    Department of Environmental Health Sciences Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University New York NY USA;

    Department of Environmental Health Sciences Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University New York NY USA NIEHS Center of Northern Manhattan Columbia University New York NY USA Motor Neuron Center for Biology and Disease Columbia University New York NY USA;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    metals; neurotoxicity; sex-specific; neurotoxic effects; heavy metals; sexual dimorphism; brain;

    机译：金属;神经毒性;特定性;神经毒性效应;重金属;性二形;脑;

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