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Green spaces and spectacles use in schoolchildren in Barcelona

机译：巴塞罗那的学童使用绿色空间和眼镜

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摘要

Myopia is one of the major causes of low visual acuity during childhood, and hence of the need for spectacles. It is generally more prevalent in urban areas where children are often less exposed to green spaces than in rural areas. This study evaluated the association between exposure to green space and use of spectacles (as a surrogate measure for myopia) in a cohort of 2727 schoolchildren (7-10 years old) recruited from 39 primary schools in Barcelona (2012-2015). We assessed exposure to green spaces by characterizing outdoor surrounding greenness at home and school and during commuting using satellite data on greenness (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index). We also obtained data on the annual average time children spent playing in green spaces through questionnaires. Cross-sectional analyses were conducted based on prevalent cases of spectacles use at baseline data collection campaign and longitudinal analyses based on incident cases of spectacles use during the three-year period between the baseline and last data collection campaigns. An interquartile range (IQR) increase in exposure to green space at home (500 m buffer) and school and during commuting was associated with respectively 14% (95% CI: 2%, 26%), 27% (95% CI: 6%, 44%), and 20% (95% CI: 5%, 33%) decrease in spectacles use in cross-sectional analyses. In longitudinal analyses, we observed a reduction of 23% (95% CI: 4%, 39%) and 34% (95% CI: 2%, 55%) associated with an IQR increase in greenness at home and school, respectively. Moreover, an IQR increase in time playing in green spaces was associated with a 28% (95% CI: 7%, 45%) reduction in the risk of spectacles use in the longitudinal analysis. Our observed reduced risk of spectacles use associated with higher contact with green space calls for more refined studies of the association between green spaces and refractive errors of visions.
机译：近视是儿童期视力低下的主要原因之一，因此是需要眼镜的主要原因。在城市地区，儿童通常比农村地区少接触绿色空间，这种情况普遍更为普遍。这项研究评估了巴塞罗那（Barcelona）39所小学（2012-2015）招募的2727名学龄儿童（7-10岁）中暴露于绿色空间与使用眼镜（作为近视的替代指标）之间的关联。我们通过使用绿色卫星数据（归一化植被指数）来表征家庭和学校以及通勤期间室外周围的绿色，从而评估对绿色空间的暴露程度。我们还通过问卷调查获得了儿童在绿色空间玩耍的年度平均时间的数据。根据基线数据收集活动中眼镜使用的普遍情况进行横断面分析，并根据在基线数据收集活动与最后一次数据收集活动之间的三年期间眼镜使用的突发事件进行纵向分析。在家中（500 m缓冲区）和学校以及上下班途中绿地暴露的四分位数范围（IQR）分别与14％（95％CI：2％，26％），27％（95％CI：6）相关横截面分析中使用的眼镜数量减少了％，44％和20％（95％CI：5％，33％）。在纵向分析中，我们发现家庭和学校的IQR值分别降低了23％（95％CI：4％，39％）和34％（95％CI：2％，55％），与IQR的增加有关。此外，IQR在绿色空间中玩耍的时间增加与纵向分析中使用眼镜的风险降低28％（95％CI：7％，45％）有关。我们观察到眼镜与绿色空间接触的风险降低，因此需要对绿色空间与视力屈光不正之间的关联进行更精细的研究。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental research》 |2017年第1期|256-262|共7页
  • 作者

    Payam Dadvand; Jordi Sunyer; Mar Alvarez-Pedrerol; Albert Dalmau-Bueno; Mikel Esnaola; Mireia Gascon; Montserrat De Castro Pascual; Xavier Basagana; Ian G. Morgan; Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen;

  • 作者单位

    ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), C/ Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain,Pompeu Fabra University, Doctor Aiguader 80, 08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain,Ciber on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Melchor Fernandez Almagro, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain;

    ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), C/ Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain,Pompeu Fabra University, Doctor Aiguader 80, 08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain,Ciber on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Melchor Fernandez Almagro, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain,IMIM-Parc Salut Mar, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain;

    ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), C/ Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain,Pompeu Fabra University, Doctor Aiguader 80, 08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain,Ciber on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Melchor Fernandez Almagro, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain;

    ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), C/ Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain,Pompeu Fabra University, Doctor Aiguader 80, 08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain,Ciber on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Melchor Fernandez Almagro, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain;

    ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), C/ Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain,Pompeu Fabra University, Doctor Aiguader 80, 08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain,Ciber on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Melchor Fernandez Almagro, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain;

    ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), C/ Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain,Pompeu Fabra University, Doctor Aiguader 80, 08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain,Ciber on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Melchor Fernandez Almagro, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain,ISGlobal, Hospital Clinic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain;

    ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), C/ Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain,Pompeu Fabra University, Doctor Aiguader 80, 08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain,Ciber on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Melchor Fernandez Almagro, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain;

    ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), C/ Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain,Pompeu Fabra University, Doctor Aiguader 80, 08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain,Ciber on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Melchor Fernandez Almagro, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain;

    Research School of Biology, College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China;

    ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), C/ Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain,Pompeu Fabra University, Doctor Aiguader 80, 08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain,Ciber on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Melchor Fernandez Almagro, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    Eyeglasses; Natural environment; Myopia; Refractive errors; Ophthalmology; Urban environment; Built environment;

    机译：眼镜;自然环境;近视;屈光不正;眼科;城市环境;建设环境;

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