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Manganese exposure and neurotoxic effects in children

机译：儿童锰暴露和神经毒性作用

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摘要

Manganese (Mn) is the fifth most abundant metal on earth. Although it is a well understood essential trace element, in excess, Mn is neurotoxic. Initial toxic symptoms associated with Mn are of psychiatric nature and are clinically defined as locura manganica. Neurological signs of Mn toxicity include dystonia, progressive bradykinesia, and disturbance of gait, slurring, and stuttering of speech with diminished volume. Studies indicate that children who ingested Mn in the drinking water (WMn) at or above a level of 0.241 mg/L for a minimum of three years performed more poorly in school as measured by mastery of language, mathematics, and in their overall grade average. The Mn-exposed children also performed more poorly on a battery of neurobehavioral tests. It was also found a significant association between higher WMn and lower cognitive performance, verbal function, and full-scale intelligence quotient (IQ) scores. Young children appear to make up a vulnerable group in exposed populations. Toxicity of WMn is a problem particularly in areas of industrial waste or where Mn is leaching from the soil into public drinking water. Practical and cost-effective approaches are available to remove Mn from drinking water. It is crucial to protect developing brains against Mn toxicity.
机译：锰（Mn）是地球上第五大最丰富的金属。尽管锰是众所周知的必需微量元素，但过量的锰具有神经毒性。与Mn相关的初始毒性症状具有精神病学性质，临床上被定义为locura manganica。 Mn毒性的神经系统症状包括肌张力障碍，进行性运动迟缓和步态障碍，口齿不清，言语结巴，音量减小。研究表明，通过掌握语言，数学和整体平均成绩，在饮用水中摄入锰（WMn）的水平达到或高于0.241 mg / L至少三年的儿童在学校的学习成绩更差。暴露于锰的儿童在一系列神经行为测试中的表现也较差。还发现较高的WMn与较低的认知能力，言语功能和全面智能商（IQ）得分之间存在显着关联。年幼的孩子似乎构成了裸露人群中的弱势群体。 WMn的毒性特别是在工业废物或Mn从土壤浸出到公共饮用水中的问题。可以使用实用且具有成本效益的方法从饮用水中去除锰。保护发育中的大脑免受Mn毒性至关重要。

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