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Chemical toxicity and radioactivity of depleted uranium: The evidence from in vivo and in vitro studies

机译：贫铀的化学毒性和放射性：体内和体外研究的证据

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摘要

Abstract The main aim of this review is to summarize and discuss the current state of knowledge on chemical toxicity and radioactivity of depleted uranium (DU) and their effect on living systems and cell lines. This was done by presenting a summary of previous investigations conducted on different mammalian body systems and cell cultures in terms of potential changes caused by either chemical toxicity or radioactivity of DU. In addition, the authors aimed to point out the limitations of those studies and possible future directions. The majority of both in vitro and in vivo studies performed using animal models regarding possible effects caused by acute or chronic DU exposure has been reviewed. Furthermore, exposure time and dose, DU particle solubility, and uranium isotopes as factors affecting the extent of DU effects have been discussed. Special attention has been dedicated to chromosomal aberrations, DNA damage and DNA breaks, as well as micronuclei formation and epigenetic changes, as DU has recently been considered a possible causative factor of all these processes. Therefore, this approach might represent a novel area of study of DU-related irradiation effects on health. Since different studies offer contradictory results, the main aim of this review is to summarize and briefly discuss previously obtained results in order to identify the current opinion on DU toxicity and radioactivity effects in relation to exposure type and duration, as well as DU properties. Highlights • Uranium is an actinide heavy metal that is chemically toxic and radioactive. • Depleted uranium (DU) has a lower fraction of 235U isotope when compared to natural U. • In vivo and in vitro studies were assessing the influence of DU irradiation. • DU is inducing epigenetic changes in mice and fish. • DU released in the environment is a serious pollutant and toxic to the living organisms.
机译： 摘要 此评论的主要目的是总结和讨论有关贫铀（DU）的化学毒性和放射性及其对生命系统和细胞的影响的当前知识状态。线。这是通过介绍先前对不同哺乳动物身体系统和细胞培养物进行的研究的总结来完成的，这些研究涉及由DU的化学毒性或放射性引起的潜在变化。此外，作者的目的是指出这些研究的局限性和可能的​​未来方向。回顾了大多数使用动物模型进行的关于体外和体内研究的研究，这些研究涉及急性或慢性DU暴露可能引起的影响。此外，已经讨论了暴露时间和剂量，DU颗粒溶解度和铀同位素作为影响DU影响程度的因素。由于DU最近被认为是所有这些过程的可能致病因素，因此一直特别关注染色体畸变，DNA损伤和DNA断裂以及微核形成和表观遗传变化。因此，这种方法可能代表了与DU有关的辐射对健康的影响研究的新领域。由于不同的研究提供了相互矛盾的结果，因此本综述的主要目的是总结和简要讨论先前获得的结果，以便确定当前关于DU毒性和放射性影响与暴露类型和持续时间以及DU特性相关的观点。 / ce：simple-para> 突出显示 • 铀是一种act系元素重金属，具有化学毒性和放射性。 • 贫铀（DU）的含量低于 235 U同位素。 • 体内和体外研究正在评估DU照射的影响。 • DU正在诱导小鼠和鱼类的表观遗传变化。 < ce：label>• 在环境中发布的DU

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  • 来源
    《Environmental research》 |2017年第7期|665-673|共9页
  • 作者

    Adna Asic; Amina Kurtovic-Kozaric; Larisa Besic; Lejla Mehinovic; Azra Hasic; Mirza Kozaric; Mirsada Hukic; Damir Marjanovic;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, International Burch University, Francuske revolucije bb;

    Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, International Burch University, Francuske revolucije bb,Department of Pathology, Cytology and Human Genetics, Clinical Center of the University of Sarajevo,Department of Biology, University of Sarajevo;

    Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, International Burch University, Francuske revolucije bb;

    Department of Biology, University of Sarajevo;

    Department of Biology, University of Sarajevo;

    Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, International Burch University, Francuske revolucije bb,Department of Pathology, Cytology and Human Genetics, Clinical Center of the University of Sarajevo;

    Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, International Burch University, Francuske revolucije bb,Academy of Sciences and Art of Bosnia and Herzegovina,Institute for Biomedical Diagnostics Nalaz;

    Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, International Burch University, Francuske revolucije bb,Institute for Anthropologic Research;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    Depleted uranium; Exposure; Chemical toxicity; Radioactivity; in vivo and in vitro studies;

    机译：贫铀;暴露;化学毒性;放射性;体内和体外研究;

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