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Influence of fertilisation with sewage sludge-derived preparation on selected soil properties and prairie cordgrass yield

机译：污水污泥源制剂施肥对部分土壤性状和草原草产量的影响

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Abstract The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of using a fertilizer obtained from waste substances on selected physical and chemical properties of soil and biomass yield Spartina pectinate. The fertilizer used for soil (C) fertilisation contained sewage sludge (SS), waste soil fractions of brown coal (BC), brown coal ash (BCA) enriched with mineral potassium (K) fertilizer (C+SS+BC+BCA+K). The composition of the preparation was developed by the authors and adjusted to the quality of the fertilised soil and the individual characteristics of the plant. It was assumed that the preparation should replace expensive conventional fertilisation methods, allow for management of waste substances and improve soil properties, leading to a high yield of Spartina pectinata used as energy crop. The plants were grown on the soil from the Huta Częstochowa steelworks effect zone. The soil was light, with acid reaction (pH KCl =5.5), with small contents of such contaminants as Cd and Zn and elevated Pb content. Based on a three-year pot experiment, the paper presents the results of the examinations concerning the effect of fertilisation on soil pH, hydrolytic acidity, sorptive properties, content of humic acids, organic coal and total nitrogen in soil and crop yielding. The effect of the use of the fertilizer (C+SS+BC+BCA+K) was compared with the use of the sludge (C+SS), sludge with mineral fertilizers (C+SS+NPK), mixture of brown coal and mineral fertilizers (C+BC+NPK) and effect of only mineral fertilizers (C+NPK). Fertilisation with (C+SS+BC+BCA+K) led to the increase in soil pH from 5.5 to 6.0, which is considered sufficient for light soils. The fertilised soil was characterized by sorption capacity of ca. 5.8 cmol(+)/kg, and, after fertilisation with O+W+P, reached the value of ca. 8.0 cmol(+)kg−1. Consequently the soil can be regarded as of good quality in terms of its capability to store nutrients. The C:N ratio was also extended from 11:1 (control soil) to 14:1 (C+SS+BC+BCA+K). The yield of Spartina pectinata in the first year was 1.6 and in the third year 2.7 times higher in the case of fertilisation with the investigated mixture as compared to the control. Highlights • Fertilisation have advantageous effect on physical and chemical properties of soils. • The mixture of sewage sludge, coal, brown coal ash and potassium fertilizer increases soil pH, sorption capacity, content of humic acid and the C:N. • Spartina pectinata can be cultivated with using unconventional fertilisation with the mixtures of sewage sludge, brown coal and brown coal ash.
机译： 摘要 研究的目的是评估使用从废料中获得的肥料对土壤理化性质和生物量产量的影响 Spartina果胶。用于土壤（C）施肥的肥料包括污水污泥（SS），褐煤（BC）的废土级分，富含矿物钾（K）的褐煤灰（BCA）（C + SS + BC + BCA + K ）。作者开发了制剂的组成，并根据施肥土壤的质量和植物的个体特性进行了调整。假定该制剂应替代昂贵的常规施肥方法，可以管理废料并改善土壤特性，从而使用作能源作物的 Spartina pectinata 产量高。这些植物生长在HutaCzęstochowa钢铁厂效应区的土壤上。土壤是轻质的，会发生酸反应（pH KCl = 5.5），Cd和Zn等污染物的含量很小，Pb含量升高。在为期三年的盆栽试验的基础上，提出了有关施肥对土壤pH，水解酸度，吸附特性，腐殖酸含量，有机煤和土壤中总氮及作物产量的影响的研究结果。 将肥料（C + SS + BC + BCA + K）的使用效果与污泥的使用进行了比较（C + SS），含矿物肥料的污泥（C + SS + NPK），褐煤和矿物肥料的混合物（C + BC + NPK）以及仅矿物肥料的效果（C + NPK）。 （C + SS + BC + BCA + K）施肥导致土壤pH从5.5增加到6.0，这被认为足以满足光照需求土壤。施肥土壤的特征是吸附能力约为。 5.8 cmol（+）/ kg，并用O + W + P施肥后达到ca的值。 8.0 cmol（+） kg -1 。因此，就其储存养分的能力而言，土壤可以被认为是优质的。 C：N比也从11：1（对照土壤）扩展到14：1（C + SS + BC + BCA + K）。与对照相比，在施肥的情况下，第一年的 Spectina pectinata 的产量为1.6，第三年为2.7倍。 突出显示 • 施肥对土壤的物理和化学性质具有有利影响。 • 污水污泥，煤，褐煤灰和钾肥的混合物增加了土壤的pH值，吸附能力，腐殖酸含量和C：N。 • Spartina可以使用污水污泥，褐煤和褐煤灰的混合物进行非常规施肥来栽培果胶。

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