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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental research >PM_(2.5) exposure in highly polluted cities: A case study from New Delhi, India
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PM_(2.5) exposure in highly polluted cities: A case study from New Delhi, India

机译：高污染城市的PM（2.5）暴露：印度新德里的案例研究

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Abstract Personal exposure (PE) to air pollutants is driven by a combination of pollutant concentrations in indoor and outdoor environments, and time-activity pattern of individuals. The objectives of this study were to estimate personal exposure to PM2.5 and black carbon (BC), and assess the representability of ambient air quality monitoring stations to serve as surrogates for PE in New Delhi. Personal exposure to air pollutants (PM2.5-PE and BCPE) was measured using portable, battery-operated instruments (PM2.5- pDR1500 and BC- microAethalometer AE51) in a small cohort of healthy adults (n=12 in summer, n=6 in winter) with no occupational exposure. Average PM2.5-PE and BCPE (µg/m3) were 53.9±136 and 3.71±4.29 respectively, in summer and 489.2±209.2 and 23.3±14.9 respectively, in winter. Activities associated with highest exposure levels were cooking and indoor cleaning for PM2.5, and commuting for BC. Within transport microenvironments, autorickshaws were found to be the most polluted, and lowest BC exposure was registered in public buses. Comparison of fixed-site ambient monitoring data showed a higher correlation with personal exposure dataset in winter compared to summer (r2 of 0.51 (winter) and 0.21 (summer); 51% (winter) and 20% (summer)). This study highlights the need for detailed assessment of PE to air pollutants in Indian cities, and calls for a denser network of monitoring stations for better exposure assessment. Highlights • Personal exposure (PE) to PM2.5 and BC was measured for healthy volunteers in Delhi, India. • Autorickshaws were the most polluted within transport microenvironments. • Ambient PM2.5 data accounted for 20% (summer) and 51% (winter) of the between-personal variability in exposure to PM2.5. • PE was higher compared to Europe & N America, especially in winter when average concentrations were ~5–8 times higher.
机译： 摘要 室内和室外环境中的污染物浓度以及个人的时间活动模式共同驱动了个人对空气污染物的暴露（PE）。这项研究的目的是评估个人对PM 2.5 和黑碳（BC）的暴露程度，并评估环境空气质量监测站作为替代指标的可表示性在新德里进行体育教育。使用便携式设备测量个人暴露于空气污染物（PM 2.5-PE 和BC PE ）的暴露，电池供电的仪器（PM 2.5 -pDR1500和BC- microAethalometer AE51）在一小群健康成人中（夏季n = 12，n = 6）冬季），无职业暴露。平均PM 2.5-PE 和BC PE （µg / m 3 ）在夏季分别为53.9±136和3.71±4.29，在冬季分别为489.2±209.2和23.3±14.9。与最高暴露水平相关的活动是PM 2.5 的烹饪和室内清洁，以及BC的通勤。在运输微环境中，发现人力三轮车污染最严重，公共巴士的BC暴露最低。固定地点环境监测数据的比较显示，冬季与夏季相比，冬季与个人暴露数据集的相关性更高（r 2 分别为0.51（冬季）和0.21（夏季） ； 51％（冬季）和20％（夏季））。这项研究强调了印度城市空气中PE的详细评估的必要性，并呼吁建立更密集的监测站网络以进行更好的暴露评估。 突出显示 • PM 2.5 和BC对健康志愿者的个人暴露（PE） • 自动人力车在运输微环境中污染最严重。 • 环境PM 2.5 数据占20暴露于PM 2.5 的人际差异的百分比（夏季）和51％（冬季）。 • PE高于欧洲和北美，尤其是在冬季，平均浓度高约5至8倍。

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