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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental research >Phthalate and bisphenol A exposure during in utero windows of susceptibility in relation to reproductive hormones and pubertal development in girls
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Phthalate and bisphenol A exposure during in utero windows of susceptibility in relation to reproductive hormones and pubertal development in girls

机译：宫内窗中邻苯二甲酸酯和双酚A暴露与女孩生殖激素和青春期发育的关系

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摘要

Background: Over the past several decades, the age of pubertal onset in girls has shifted downward worldwide. As early pubertal onset is associated with increased risky behavior and psychological issues during adolescence and cardiometabolic disease and cancer in adulthood, this is an important public health concern. Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals during critical windows of in utero development may play a role in this trend. Our objective was to investigate trimester-specific phthalate and BPA exposure in relation to pubertal development among girls in the Early Life Exposure in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) birth cohort. Methods: We measured maternal urinary phthalate metabolites and BPA in samples collected during the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy. To assess reproductive development among their female children, we measured serum testosterone, estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), inhibin B, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and assessed sexual maturation, including Tanner staging for breast and pubic hair development and menarche status, at age 8-13 years (n = 120). We used linear and logistic regression to examine measures of trimester-specific in utero exposure as predictors of peripubertal hormone levels and pubertal onset, respectively. In secondary analyses, we evaluated estimated exposure at the midpoint of the first trimester and rates of change in exposure across pregnancy in relation to outcomes. Results: Several phthalate metabolites measured throughout in utero development were associated with higher serum testosterone concentrations, while a number of metabolites measured in the third trimester were associated with higher DHEA-S. For example, an interquartile range (IQR) increase in mean monoethyl phthalate (MEP) levels across pregnancy was associated with 44% higher peripubertal testosterone (95% CI: 13-83%), while an IQR increase in di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate metabolites (SDEHP) specifically in the third trimester was associated with 25% higher DHEA-S (95%CI: 4.7-47%). In IQR increase in mean mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) levels across pregnancy was associated with lower odds of having a Tanner Stage > 1 for breast development (OR = 0.32, 95%CI: 0.11-0.95), while MEHP in the third trimester was associated with higher odds of having a Tanner Stage > 1 for pubic hair development (OR = 3.76, 95%CI: 1.1-12.8). Results from secondary analyses were consistent with findings from our main analysis. Conclusion: These findings suggest that female reproductive development may be more vulnerable to the effects of phthalate or BPA exposure during specific critical periods of in utero development. This highlights the need for comprehensive characterizations of in utero exposure and consideration of windows of susceptibility in developmental epidemiological studies. Future research should consider repeated measures of in utero phthalate and BPA exposure within each trimester and across pregnancy.
机译：背景：在过去的几十年中，全世界女孩的青春期发病年龄已经下降。由于青春期初期发病与青春期期间的危险行为和心理问题增加以及成人的心脏代谢疾病和癌症有关，因此这是一个重要的公共卫生问题。在子宫内发育的关键窗口暴露于破坏内分泌的化学物质可能在这一趋势中起作用。我们的目的是调查墨西哥早期婴儿暴露于环境毒物（ELEMENT）出生队列中与女孩青春期发育相关的孕期特定邻苯二甲酸酯和BPA暴露。方法：我们在妊娠的第一，第二和第三三个孕期中测量了孕妇尿中邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物和BPA。为了评估其女童的生殖发育，我们测量了血清睾丸激素，雌二醇，脱氢表雄酮硫酸盐（DHEA-S），抑制素B和性激素结合球蛋白（SHBG），并评估了性成熟度，包括Tanner分期的乳房和阴毛发育和初潮状态，年龄8-13岁（n = 120）。我们使用线性和逻辑回归分析来检查子宫内孕期特异性指标作为青春期周围激素水平和青春期发作的预测指标。在次要分析中，我们评估了妊娠中期中期的估计暴露量以及整个妊娠期间相对于结局的暴露量变化率。结果：整个子宫内发育期间检测到的几种邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物与较高的​​血清睾丸激素浓度相关，而在妊娠晚期测得的许多代谢物与较高的​​DHEA-S相关。例如，整个妊娠期平均邻苯二甲酸单乙酯（MEP）水平的四分位间距（IQR）增加与青春期围睾丸睾丸激素升高44％（95％CI：13-83％）相关，而邻苯二甲酸二-2-乙基己酯的IQR增加代谢产物（SDEHP）特别是在妊娠晚期与DHEA-S升高25％（95％CI：4.7-47％）相关。在IQR中，整个妊娠期间邻苯二甲酸二-2-乙基己基邻苯二甲酸酯（MEHP）的平均水平升高与乳房发育的Tanner阶段> 1的可能性降低相关（OR = 0.32，95％CI：0.11-0.95），而MEHP在妊娠中期与阴毛发育的Tanner阶段> 1的可能性更高（OR = 3.76，95％CI：1.1-12.8）。次要分析的结果与我们主要分析的结果一致。结论：这些发现表明，在子宫内发育的特定关键时期，女性生殖发育可能更容易受到邻苯二甲酸盐或双酚A暴露的影响。这突出了需要对子宫内暴露进行全面表征，并在发展流行病学研究中考虑易感性窗口。未来的研究应考虑在每个孕期和整个妊娠期间重复测量邻苯二甲酸和双酚A的宫内暴露。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental research》 |2017年第11期|143-151|共9页
  • 作者

    Deborah J. Watkins; Brisa N. Sanchez; Martha Maria Tellez-Rojo; Joyce M. Lee; Adriana Mercado-Garcia; Clara Blank-Goldenberg; Karen E. Peterson; John D. Meeker;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA;

    Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA;

    Center for Nutrition and Health Research, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publico, Cuernavaca, MOR, Mexico;

    Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Pediatric Endocrinology, Child Health Evaluation and Research Unit (CHEAR), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA;

    Center for Nutrition and Health Research, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publico, Cuernavaca, MOR, Mexico;

    American British Cowdray (ABC) Hospital Mexico City, Mexico;

    Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA;

    Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    Adrenarche; Bisphenol A; In utero; Phthalates; Pregnancy; Puberty; Windows of susceptibility;

    机译：肾上腺双酚A;在子宫内;邻苯二甲酸盐;怀孕;青春期;易感性窗口;

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