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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental research >Using silicone wristbands to evaluate preschool children's exposure to flame retardants
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Using silicone wristbands to evaluate preschool children's exposure to flame retardants

机译：使用硅胶腕带评估学龄前儿童与阻燃剂的接触

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摘要

Silicone wristbands can be used as passive sampling tools for measuring personal environmental exposure to organic compounds. Due to the lightweight and simple design, the wristband may be a useful technique for measuring children's exposure. In this study, we tested the stability of flame retardant compounds in silicone wristbands and developed an analytical approach for measuring 41 flame retardants in the silicone wristband in order to evaluate exposure to these compounds in preschool-aged children. To evaluate the robustness of using wristbands to measure flame retardants, we evaluated the stability of 3 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (BDEs), and 2 organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) in wristbands over 84 days and did not find any evidence of significant loss over time at either 4 or - 20 ℃ (p ＞ 0.16). We recruited a cohort of 92 preschool aged children in Oregon to wear the wristband for 7 days in order to characterize children's acceptance of the technology, and to characterize their exposure to flame retardants. Seventy-seven parents returned the wristbands for analysis of 35 BDEs, 4 OPFRs, and 2 other brominated flame retardants although 5 were excluded from the exposure assessment due to protocol deviations (n = 72). A total of 20 compounds were detected above the limit of quantitation, and 11 compounds including 4 OPFRs and 7 BDEs were detected in over 60% of the samples. Children's gender, age, race, recruitment site, and family context were not significantly associated with returning wristbands or compliance with protocols. Comparisons between flame retardant data and socio-demo-graphic information revealed significant differences in total exposures to both ΣBDEs and ΣOPFRs based on age of house, vacuuming frequency, and family context. These results demonstrate that preschool children in Oregon are exposed to BDEs that are no longer being produced in the United States and to OPFRs that have been used as an alternative to polybrominated compounds. Silicone wristbands were well tolerated by young children and were useful for characterizing personal exposure to flame retardants that were not bound to particulate matter.
机译：硅胶腕带可以用作被动采样工具，用于测量个人对有机化合物的环境暴露。由于轻巧和简单的设计，腕带可能是一种用于测量儿童暴露程度的有用技术。在这项研究中，我们测试了有机硅腕带中阻燃剂化合物的稳定性，并开发了一种测量有机硅腕带中41种阻燃剂的分析方法，以评估学龄前儿童中这些化合物的暴露程度。为了评估使用腕带测量阻燃剂的稳健性，我们评估了腕带中3种多溴二苯醚（BDE）和2种有机磷酸酯阻燃剂（OPFR）在84天以上的稳定性，并且没有发现任何证据表明随时间的推移会出现重大损失4或-20℃（p＞ 0.16）。我们招募了一组来自俄勒冈州的92名学龄前儿童，他们佩戴腕带7天，以表征儿童对这项技术的接受程度，并表征其对阻燃剂的接触。 77名父母返回了腕带，对35种BDE，4种OPFR和2种其他溴化阻燃剂进行了分析，尽管由于方案偏差（n = 72），从暴露评估中排除了5种。在超过60％的样品中，总共检测到20种化合物，并且检测到11种化合物，包括4种OPFR和7种BDE。儿童的性别，年龄，种族，征募地点和家庭环境与返回的腕带或是否遵守规程并没有显着相关。阻燃剂数据和社会人口统计学信息之间的比较表明，根据房屋的年龄，吸尘频率和家庭环境，在ΣBDE和ΣOPFR的总暴露量中存在显着差异。这些结果表明，俄勒冈州的学龄前儿童暴露于美国不再生产的BDEs和已被用作多溴化合物替代品的OPFRs。硅胶腕带对幼儿具有良好的耐受性，可用于表征个人暴露于不与颗粒物结合的阻燃剂的特性。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental research》 |2016年第5期|365-372|共8页
  • 作者

    Molly L. Kile; Richard P. Scott; Steven G. OConnell; Shannon Lipscomb; Megan MacDonald; Megan McClelland; Kim A. Anderson;

  • 作者单位

    College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States;

    Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States;

    Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States;

    College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States,Oregon State University Cascades Campus, Bend, OR 97701, United States;

    College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States;

    College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States;

    Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    Personal monitoring; Exposure assessment; BDEs; OPFRs; triphenyl phosphate;

    机译：个人监控;暴露评估;溴化二苯醚;OPFR;磷酸三苯酯;

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