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Comprehensive personal RF-EMF exposure map and its potential use in epidemiological studies

机译：全面的个人RF-EMF暴露图及其在流行病学研究中的潜在用途

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In recent years, numerous epidemiological studies, which deal with the potential effects of mobile phone antennas on health, have almost exclusively focused on their distance to mobile phone base stations. Although it is known that this is not the best approach to the problem, this situation occurs due to the numerous difficulties when determining the personal exposure to the radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF). However, due to the rise of personal exposimeters, the evolution of spatial statistics, the development of geographical information systems and the use of powerful software, new alternatives are available to deal with these epidemiological studies and thus overcome the aforementioned difficulties. Using these tools, this paper presents a lattice map of personal RF-EMF exposure from exterior mobile phone base stations, covering the entire 110 administrative regions in the city of Albacete (Spain). For this purpose, we used a personal exposimeter, Satimo EME Spy 140 model, performing measurements every 4 s The exposimeter was located inside the plastic basket of a bicycle, whose versatility permitted the access to all the zones of the city. Once the exposure map was prepared, its relation with the known antenna locations was studied. The 64 mobile telephone antennas of the city were also georeferenced; the randomness of both variables (exposure and antennas) were studied by means of the Moran's I test. Results showed that the distribution of the antennas follows a grouped pattern (p＜ 0.001), while the distribution of the average exposure values have a random distribution (p=0.618). In addition, we showed two Spearman correlation studies: the first between the average exposure values and the number of mobile telephone antennas per administrative region, and the second, also considering the antennas of the neighbouring regions. No substantial correlation was detected in either of the two cases. This study also reveals the weaknesses of the epidemiological studies, which only take into account the distance to the antennas, which would provide a new approach to the problem. By precisely knowing the resident population of each administrative region of the city, this proves to be highly useful to rely on a prepared aggregate data map based on the mean exposure values to RF-EMF in these sections. The displayed map would permit the execution of more accurate epidemiological studies, since it would be possible to compare the exposure measurements with the incidence data of a disease.
机译：近年来，许多有关移动电话天线对健康的潜在影响的流行病学研究几乎都集中在它们与移动电话基站之间的距离上。尽管已知这不是解决问题的最佳方法，但是由于在确定个人暴露于射频电磁场（RF-EMF）时遇到了许多困难，因此会出现这种情况。然而，由于个人测光仪的兴起，空间统计数据的发展，地理信息系统的发展以及强大软件的使用，新的替代方法可用于应对这些流行病学研究，从而克服了上述困难。本文使用这些工具，展示了来自外部移动电话基站的个人RF-EMF暴露的点阵图，覆盖了阿尔巴塞特市（西班牙）的整个110个行政区域。为此，我们使用了个人测光仪Satimo EME Spy 140，每4秒钟进行一次测量。该测光仪位于自行车的塑料筐内，其多功能性可进入城市的所有区域。一旦准备好暴露图，就研究其与已知天线位置的关系。该市的64个移动电话天线也已进行地理定位；通过Moran's I检验研究了两个变量（曝光和天线）的随机性。结果表明，天线的分布遵循分组模式（p ＜0.001），而平均暴露值的分布具有随机分布（p = 0.618）。此外，我们展示了两项Spearman相关性研究：第一项是平均辐射值与每个行政区域的移动电话天线数量之间的关系，第二项还考虑了邻近地区的天线。在两种情况中的任何一种中均未检测到显着相关性。这项研究还揭示了流行病学研究的弱点，仅考虑到天线的距离，这将为解决该问题提供一种新方法。通过精确了解城市每个行政区域的居民人口，这对依赖于这些区域中基于RF-EMF的平均暴露值的预先准备的汇总数据图非常有用。显示的地图将允许执行更准确的流行病学研究，因为可以将暴露测量值与疾病的发生率数据进行比较。

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