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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >Chlorination of Source Water Containing lodinated X-ray Contrast Media: Mutagenicity and Identification of New lodinated Disinfection Byproducts
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Chlorination of Source Water Containing lodinated X-ray Contrast Media: Mutagenicity and Identification of New lodinated Disinfection Byproducts

机译：含氯化物X射线造影剂的源水的氯化：致突变性和新的氯化物消毒副产物的鉴定

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摘要

Iodinated contrast media (ICM) are nonmutagenic agents administered for X-ray imaging of soft tissues. ICM can reach mu g/L levels in surface waters because they are administered in high doses, excreted largely unmetabolized, and poorly removed by wastewater treatment. Iodinated disinfection byproducts (I-DBPs) are highly genotoxic and have been reported in disinfected waters containing ICM. We assessed the mutagenicity in Salmonella of extracts of chlorinated source water containing one of four ICM (iopamidol, iopromide, iohexol, and diatrizoate). We quantified 21 regulated and nonregulated DBPs and 11 target I-DBPs and conducted a nontarget, comprehensive broad-screen identification of I-DBPs. We detected one new iodomethane (trichloroiodomethane), three new iodoacids (dichloroiodoacetic acid, chlorodiiodoacetic acid, bromochloroiodoacetic acid), and two new nitrogenous I-DBPs (iodoacetonitrile and chloroiodoacetonitrile). Their formation depended on the presence of iopamidol as the iodine source; identities were confirmed with authentic standards when available. This is the first identification in simulated drinking water of chloroiodoacetonitrile and iodoacetonitrile, the latter of which is highly cytotoxic and genotoxic in mammalian cells. Iopamidol (5 mu M) altered the concentrations and relative distribution of several DBP classes, increasing total haloacetonitriles by 10-fold. Chlorination of ICM-containing source water increased I-DBP concentrations but not mutagenicity, indicating that such I-DBPs were either not mutagenic or at concentrations too low to affect mutagenicity.
机译：碘化造影剂（ICM）是非诱变剂，用于软组织X射线成像。 ICM可以达到地表水中的微克/升水平，因为它们以高剂量施用，大部分未经代谢地排泄，并且很难通过废水处理去除。碘化消毒副产物（I-DBPs）具有高遗传毒性，据报道在含ICM的消毒水中。我们评估了含有四种ICM（碘帕米多，碘普罗米特，碘海醇和泛影酸盐）之一的氯化水源提取物在沙门氏菌中的致突变性。我们对21个受管制和不受管制的DBP和11个目标I-DBP进行了量化，并对I-DBP进行了非目标，全面的宽屏识别。我们检测到一种新的碘甲烷（三氯碘甲烷），三种新的碘酸（二氯碘乙酸，氯二碘乙酸，溴氯碘乙酸）和两种新的含氮I-DBP（碘乙腈和氯碘乙腈）。它们的形成取决于碘帕醇作为碘源的存在。可用真实身份标准确认身份。这是首次在模拟饮用水中鉴定出氯碘乙腈和碘乙腈，后者在哺乳动物细胞中具有高细胞毒性和遗传毒性。碘帕醇（5μM）改变了几种DBP类的浓度和相对分布，使总卤代乙腈增加了10倍以上。含ICM的源水的氯化增加了I-DBP的浓度，但没有诱变性，表明这种I-DBP要么不是诱变的，要么浓度太低而不会影响诱变性。

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