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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >Characterization and Risk Assessment of Atmospheric PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) Particulate-Bound PAHs and NPAHs in Rwanda, Central-East Africa
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Characterization and Risk Assessment of Atmospheric PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) Particulate-Bound PAHs and NPAHs in Rwanda, Central-East Africa

机译：中非共和国卢旺达大气PM_（2.5）和PM_（10）颗粒结合的PAH和NPAH的表征和风险评估

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摘要

Exposure to airborne particulates is estimated as the largest cause of premature human mortality worldwide and is of particular concern in sub-Saharan Africa where emissions are high and data are lacking. Particulate matter (PM) contains several toxic organic species including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitrated PAHs (NPAHs). This study provides the first characterization and source identification for PM10- and PM2.5-bound PAHs and NPAHs in sub-Saharan Africa during a three-month period that spanned dry and wet seasons at three locations in Rwanda. The 24-h mean PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were significantly higher in the dry than the wet season. PAH and NPAH concentrations at the urban roadside site were significantly higher than the urban background and rural site. Source identification using diagnostic ratio analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) revealed diesel and gasoline-powered vehicles at the urban location and wood burning at the rural location as the major sources of PAHs and NPAHs. Our analysis demonstrates that PM concentrations and lifetime cancer risks resulting from inhalation exposure to PM-bound PAHs and NPAHs exceed World Health Organization safe limits. This study provides clear evidence that an immediate development of emission control measures is required.
机译：据估计，空气中的颗粒物暴露是全世界人类过早死亡的最大原因，并且在撒哈拉以南非洲尤其令人关注，那里的排放量很高且缺乏数据。颗粒物（PM）包含多种有毒有机物，包括多环芳烃（PAH）和硝化PAH（NPAH）。这项研究为卢旺达三个地点跨越三个月的旱季和湿季三个月期间，在撒哈拉以南非洲的PM10和PM2.5结合的PAHs和NPAHs进行了首次表征和来源鉴定。干旱季节的24小时平均PM2.5和PM10浓度明显高于雨季。城市路边站点的PAH和NPAH浓度显着高于城市背景和农村站点。使用诊断比率分析和主成分分析（PCA）进行的源识别显示，城市地区的柴油和汽油动力车辆以及农村地区的木材燃烧是PAH和NPAH的主要来源。我们的分析表明，吸入与PM结合的PAH和NPAH引起的PM浓度和终生癌症风险超过了世界卫生组织的安全限值。这项研究提供了明确的证据，表明需要立即制定排放控制措施。

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