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Trends in Micropollutant Biotransformation along a Solids Retention Time Gradient

机译：沿固体保留时间梯度的微污染物生物转化趋势

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摘要

For many polar organic micropollutants, biotransformation by activated sludge microorganisms is a major removal process during wastewater treatment. However, our current understanding of how wastewater treatment operations influence microbial communities and their micropollutant biotransformation potential is limited, leaving major parts of observed variability in biotransformation rates across treatment facilities unexplained. Here, we present biotransformation rate constants for 42 micropollutants belonging to different chemical classes along a gradient of solids retention time (SRT). The geometric mean of biomass-normalized first-order rate constants shows a clear increase between 3 and 15 d SRT by 160% and 87%, respectively, in two experiments. However, individual micropollutants show a variety of trends. Rate constants of oxidative biotransformation reactions mostly increased with SRT. Yet, nitrifying activity could be excluded as primary driver. For substances undergoing other than oxidative reactions, i.e., mostly substitution-type reactions, more diverse dependencies on SRT were observed. Most remarkably, characteristic trends were observed for groups of substances undergoing similar types of initial transformation reaction, suggesting that shared enzymes or enzyme systems that are conjointly regulated catalyze biotransformation reactions within such groups. These findings open up opportunities for correlating rate constants with measures of enzyme abundance such as genes or gene products, which in turn should help to identify enzymes associated with the respective biotransformation reactions.
机译：对于许多极性有机微污染物，活性污泥微生物的生物转化是废水处理过程中的主要去除过程。但是，我们目前对废水处理操作如何影响微生物群落及其微污染物生物转化潜能的理解是有限的，因此尚无法解释观察到的各处理设施之间生物转化率差异的主要部分。在这里，我们介绍了沿着不同的固体保留时间（SRT）梯度，属于不同化学类别的42种微污染物的生物转化率常数。在两个实验中，生物量归一化速率常数的几何平均值在3和15 d SRT之间分别显示了160％和87％的明显增加。但是，个别的微污染物显示出各种趋势。氧化生物转化反应的速率常数通常随SRT的增加而增加。然而，硝化活性可能被排除在主要驱动力之外。对于除氧化反应以外的物质，即大多数为取代型反应的物质，观察到对SRT的依赖性更大。最显着的是，观察到经历相似类型的初始转化反应的物质组的特征趋势，这表明共同调节的共享酶或酶系统催化了这类组中的生物转化反应。这些发现为将速率常数与酶丰度的度量（例如基因或基因产物）相关联开辟了机会，这反过来又应有助于鉴定与各个生物转化反应相关的酶。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2018年第20期|11601-11611|共11页
  • 作者

    Achermann Stefan; Falas Per; Joss Adrian; Mansfeldt Cresten B.; Men Yujie; Vogler Bernadette; Fenner Kathrin;

  • 作者单位

    Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, Eawag, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland;

    Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, Eawag, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland;

    Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, Eawag, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland;

    Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, Eawag, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland;

    Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, Eawag, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland;

    Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, Eawag, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland;

    Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, Eawag, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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