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Transformation of AgCl Particles under Conditions Typical of Natural Waters: Implications for Oxidant Generation

机译:自然水域典型条件下AgCl颗粒的转化:氧化剂产生的意义

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The engineered silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) used in consumer products are ultimately released to the environment either as Ag(0), silver sulfide (Ag2S(s)), silver chloride (AgCl(s)), and/or dissolved Ag(I) complexes. Of these, AgCl(s) and Ag2S(s) exhibit semiconducting properties and hence may have significant implications to oxidant generation and subsequent redox transformations in natural waters. In this work, we investigate the transformation and photoreactivity of AgCl(s) under simulated natural water conditions with the photoreactivity probed by measuring the oxidation of formate (HCOO-), a simple compound with a well-defined oxidation pathway. Our results show that AgCl(s) undergoes rapid dissolution in the presence of chloride concentrations representative of seawater (ca. 0.5 M NaCl) forming dissolved Ag(I) complexes but is stable in fresh waters and slightly brackish waters (= 200 mM NaCl). We further show that under these lower salinity conditions in which AgCl(s) is stable, pH has a significant impact on the reactivity of semiconducting AgCl(s). The photoreactivity (measured as initial HCOO- oxidation rate) of AgCl(s) is relatively constant at pH 4.0 for periods of 24 h or more; however, it decreases rapidly under alkaline conditions. The rapid transformation (or "aging") of AgCl(s) under alkaline conditions suggests that AgCl(s), potentially transported through wastewater effluent to fresh or brackish water environments, may not have a significant impact in such environments. In comparison, in situ formed AgCl(s), potentially formed as a result of the oxidation of high concentrations (= 60 mu g Ag.L-1) of Ag(0) and/or Ag2S(s), may have significant implications to oxidant generation in natural waters. Our results further show that rapid cycling of Ag between the 0 and +I redox states in sunlit surface waters as a result of the presence of AgNP oxidants (such as H2O2 and organic radicals) will further enhance the rate and extent of oxidant generation by AgCl(s).
机译:消费品中使用的工程银纳米颗粒(AgNP)最终以Ag(0),硫化银(Ag2S(s)),氯化银(AgCl(s))和/或溶解的Ag(I)释放到环境中。复合体。其中,AgCl和Ag2S具有半导体性能,因此可能对天然水中氧化剂的产生和随后的氧化还原转化产生重大影响。在这项工作中,我们研究了在模拟的天然水条件下,AgCl(s)的转化和光反应性,通过测量甲酸(HCOO-)(一种具有明确的氧化途径的简单化合物)的氧化来探测光反应性。我们的结果表明,在氯化物浓度代表海水(约0.5 M NaCl)的条件下,AgCl迅速溶解,形成溶解的Ag(I)配合物,但在淡水和微咸水(<= 200 mM NaCl)中稳定)。我们进一步表明,在这些较低盐度的条件下,其中AgCl(s)是稳定的,pH对半导体AgCl(s)的反应性具有重大影响。 AgCl的光反应性(以初始HCOO-氧化速率衡量)在pH 4.0下持续24小时或更长时间是相对恒定的;但是,它在碱性条件下迅速降低。 AgCl在碱性条件下的快速转化(或“老化”)表明,可能通过废水流出的AgCl在淡水或微咸水环境中可能不会产生重大影响。相比之下,原位形成的AgCl(可能由于高浓度(> = 60μg Ag.L-1)的Ag(0)和/或Ag2S的氧化而形成)可能具有显着的影响。对天然水中氧化剂产生的影响。我们的结果进一步表明,由于存在AgNP氧化剂(例如H2O2和有机自由基),在阳光照射的地表水中,Ag在0和+ I氧化还原状态之间快速循环将进一步提高AgCl生成氧化剂的速度和程度(s)。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2018年第20期|11621-11631|共11页
  • 作者单位

    Univ New South Wales, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, UNSW Water Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;

    Univ New South Wales, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, UNSW Water Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;

    Univ New South Wales, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, UNSW Water Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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  • 正文语种 eng
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