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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >Fungicides: An Overlooked Pesticide Class?
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Fungicides: An Overlooked Pesticide Class?

机译：杀菌剂：被忽略的农药类别？

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摘要

Fungicides are indispensable to global food security and their use is forecasted to intensify. Fungicides can reach aquatic ecosystems and occur in surface water bodies in agricultural catchments throughout the entire growing season due to their frequent, prophylactic application. However, in comparison to herbicides and insecticides, the exposure to and effects of fungicides have received less attention. We provide an overview of the risk of fungicides to aquatic ecosystems covering fungicide exposure (i.e., environmental fate, exposure modeling, and mitigation measures) as well as direct and indirect effects of fungicides on microorganisms, macrophytes, invertebrates, and vertebrates. We show that fungicides occur widely in aquatic systems, that the accuracy of predicted environmental concentrations is debatable, and that fungicide exposure can be effectively mitigated. We additionally demonstrate that fungicides can be highly toxic to a broad range of organisms and can pose a risk to aquatic biota. Finally, we outline central research gaps that currently challenge our ability to predict fungicide exposure and effects, promising research avenues, and shortcomings of the current environmental risk assessment for fungicides.
机译：杀真菌剂对于全球粮食安全是必不可少的，并且预计将越来越多地使用杀真菌剂。由于杀真菌剂的频繁预防应用，它们可以到达水生生态系统并在整个生长季节的农业流域地表水体中发生。但是，与除草剂和杀虫剂相比，杀真菌剂的暴露及其作用受到的关注较少。我们概述了杀菌剂对水生生态系统的风险，包括杀菌剂暴露（即环境命运，暴露模型和缓解措施）以及杀菌剂对微生物，大型植物，无脊椎动物和脊椎动物的直接和间接影响。我们表明杀真菌剂广泛存在于水生系统中，预测的环境浓度的准确性尚有争议，并且可以有效减轻杀真菌剂的暴露。我们还证明，杀菌剂对多种生物都具有高度毒性，并可能对水生生物群构成威胁。最后，我们概述了目前尚在挑战我们预测杀真菌剂暴露和影响的能力，有希望的研究途径以及当前对杀真菌剂的环境风险评估的缺点的主要研究空白。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2019年第7期|3347-3365|共19页
  • 作者

    Zubrod Jochen P.; Bundschuh Mirco; Arts Gertie; Bruehl Carsten A.; Imfeld Gwenael; Knaebel Anja; Payraudeau Sylyain; Rasmussen Jes J.; Rohr Jason; Scharmueller Andreas; Smalling Kelly; Stehle Sebastian; Schulz Ralf; Schaefer Ralf B.;

  • 作者单位

    Univ Koblenz Landau, Inst Environm Sci, Fortstr 7, D-76829 Landau, Germany|Univ Koblenz Landau, Eusserthal Ecosyst Res Stn, Birkenthalstr 13, D-76857 Eusserthal, Germany;

    Univ Koblenz Landau, Inst Environm Sci, Fortstr 7, D-76829 Landau, Germany|Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquat Sci & Assessment, Lennart Hjelms Vag 9, SWE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden;

    Wageningen Univ & Res, Wageningen Environm Res, Wageningen, Netherlands;

    Univ Koblenz Landau, Inst Environm Sci, Fortstr 7, D-76829 Landau, Germany;

    Univ Strasbourg, CNRS, ENGEES, LHyGeS, 1 Rue Blessig, F-67084 Strasbourg, France;

    Univ Koblenz Landau, Inst Environm Sci, Fortstr 7, D-76829 Landau, Germany;

    Univ Strasbourg, CNRS, ENGEES, LHyGeS, 1 Rue Blessig, F-67084 Strasbourg, France;

    Aarhus Univ, Dept Biosci, Vejlsoevej 25, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark;

    Univ S Florida, Dept Integrat Biol, Tampa, FL USA|Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Environm Change Initiat, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA|Univ Notre Dame, Eck Inst Global Hlth, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA;

    Univ Koblenz Landau, Inst Environm Sci, Fortstr 7, D-76829 Landau, Germany;

    US Geol Survey, New Jersey Water Sci Ctr, Lawrenceville, NJ USA;

    Univ Koblenz Landau, Inst Environm Sci, Fortstr 7, D-76829 Landau, Germany|Univ Koblenz Landau, Eusserthal Ecosyst Res Stn, Birkenthalstr 13, D-76857 Eusserthal, Germany;

    Univ Koblenz Landau, Inst Environm Sci, Fortstr 7, D-76829 Landau, Germany|Univ Koblenz Landau, Eusserthal Ecosyst Res Stn, Birkenthalstr 13, D-76857 Eusserthal, Germany;

    Univ Koblenz Landau, Inst Environm Sci, Fortstr 7, D-76829 Landau, Germany;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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