Rapid Degradation of Oil in Mesocosm Simulations of Marine Oil Snow Events

Wozniak Andrew S.; Prem Priscilla M.; Obeid Wassim; Waggoner Derek C.; Quigg Antonietta; Xu Chen; Santschi Peter H.; Schwehr Kathleen A.; Hatcher Patrick G.

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Rapid Degradation of Oil in Mesocosm Simulations of Marine Oil Snow Events

机译：海洋油雪事件的中观模拟中油的快速降解

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Following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, natural marine snow interacted with oil and dispersants forming marine oil snow (MOS) that sank from the water column to sediments. Mesocosm simulations demonstrate that Macondo surrogate oil incorporates into MOS and can be isolated, extracted, and analyzed via Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS). Up to 47% of the FTICR-MS signal from MOS extracts can be attributed to formulas also found in Macondo surrogate oil demonstrating extensive oil incorporation. Additionally, oxygenation patterns for MOS extracts provide evidence for degraded oil compounds. Formulas having similar double bond equivalents but higher oxygen content (MOS CHO: CHO2-9, DBE2-16, MOS CHON: CHO0-7N1, DBE9-18; Macondo CHO: CHO1-4, DBE2-15, CHON: CHO0-3N1, DBE9-21) were found in MOS extracts generating isoabundance distributions similar to those of environmentally aged oil. Such shifts in molecular composition are consistent with the transformation of high DBE oil components, unobservable by FTICR-MS until oxygenation in the mesocosms. Low light conditions and the rapid proliferation of hydrocarbon-degraders observed in parallel studies suggest biological activity as the primary cause of oil degradation. MOS may thus represent an important microenvironment for oil degradation especially during its long transit below the euphotic zone to sediments.

机译：在墨西哥湾的Deepwater Horizon溢油事件发生之后，天然的海洋积雪与油和分散剂相互作用，形成了从水柱沉入沉积物中的海洋油积雪（MOS）。中观模拟表明，Macondo替代油已掺入MOS中，并且可以通过傅立叶变换离子回旋共振质谱（FTICR-MS）进行分离，提取和分析。来自MOS提取物的FTICR-MS信号中多达47％可以归因于在Macondo替代油中也发现的公式，该公式表明了大量的油掺入。此外，MOS提取物的氧化方式为降解油化合物提供了证据。具有相似双键当量但氧含量较高的分子式（MOS CHO：CHO2-9，DBE2-16，MOS CHON：CHO0-7N1，DBE9-18; Macondo CHO：CHO1-4，DBE2-15，CHON：CHO0-3N1，在MOS提取物中发现了DBE9-21），其产生的等丰度分布与环境老化的石油相似。分子组成的这种变化与高DBE油组分的转化相一致，而FTICR-MS直到中膜的氧合作用都无法观察到。在平行研究中观察到的低光照条件和碳氢化合物降解剂的快速扩散表明，生物活性是造成油降解的主要原因。因此，MOS可能代表了石油降解的重要微环境，特别是在其从富营养区到沉积物的漫长过渡期间。

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《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2019年第7期|3441-3450|共10页
作者
Wozniak Andrew S.; Prem Priscilla M.; Obeid Wassim; Waggoner Derek C.; Quigg Antonietta; Xu Chen; Santschi Peter H.; Schwehr Kathleen A.; Hatcher Patrick G.;
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作者单位

Old Dominion Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA|Univ Delaware, Sch Marine Sci & Policy, Lewes, DE 19958 USA;

Old Dominion Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA|Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Chem & Biochem, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA;

Old Dominion Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA|Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA;

Old Dominion Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA;

Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, Galveston Campus, Galveston, TX 77553 USA|Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA;

Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Sci, Galveston Campus, Galveston, TX 77553 USA;

Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, Galveston Campus, Galveston, TX 77553 USA|Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Sci, Galveston Campus, Galveston, TX 77553 USA;

Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Sci, Galveston Campus, Galveston, TX 77553 USA;

Old Dominion Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA;

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收录信息美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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专利

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机译：使用固态〜（13）C NMR光谱在Deepwater Horizon溢油事件的中观模拟中识别油/海洋积雪关联
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机译：胞外聚合物与油/ Corexit的相互作用影响石油在四个中尺度下沉入海洋油雪中
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机译：APS-APS流体动力学分部第70届年会-事件-通往海洋油雪的途径：细菌在油微滴上产生细胞外聚合物拖缆，对阻力产生重大影响
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机译：海洋环境中蔬菜和动物油的降解
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机译：为土壤侵蚀建模模拟融雪和土壤霜冻深度：使用能量预算方法。
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机译：有效的生物修复策略用于中膜溢油模拟中的快速缺氧海洋沉积物原位清理
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机译：在中型石油泄漏模拟中快速原位净化缺氧海洋沉积物的有效生物修复策略。

Rapid Degradation of Oil in Mesocosm Simulations of Marine Oil Snow Events

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