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Assessing the Lead Solubility Potential of Untreated Groundwater of the United States

机译:评估美国未经处理的地下水的铅溶解度潜力

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摘要

In the U.S., about 44 million people rely on self supplied groundwater for drinking water. Because most self supplied homeowners do not treat their water to control corrosion, drinking water can be susceptible to lead (Pb) contamination from metal plumbing. To assess the types and locations of susceptible groundwater, a geochemical reaction model that included pure Pb minerals and solid solutions of calcite (CaxPb1-xCO3) and apatite [CaxPb5-x(PO4)(3)(OH; Cl; F)] was developed to estimate the lead solubility potential (LSP) for over 8300 untreated groundwater samples collected from domestic and public-supply sites between 2000 and 2016 in the U.S. The LSP is the calculated amount of Pb metal that could dissolve at 25 degrees C before a Pb-bearing mineral precipitates. About 33% of untreated groundwater samples had LSP greater than 15 mu g/L-the USEPA forms of Pb. Five percent of samples had high LSP (above 300 mu g/L) and tended to occur in the eastern and southeastern U.S. Measured Pb concentrations above 15 mu g/L were rarely detected (1%) but always coincided with high LSP values. Future work will provide a better understanding of the relation between water chemistry, Pb-mineral formation, and dissolved Pb concentrations in tap water.
机译:在美国,约有4400万人依靠自给自足的地下水来饮用水。因为大多数自给自足的房主都不会处理水来控制腐蚀,所以饮用水很容易受到金属管道中铅(Pb)污染的影响。为了评估敏感地下水的类型和位置,建立了一个地球化学反应模型,该模型包括纯Pb矿物和方解石(CaxPb1-xCO3)和磷灰石[CaxPb5-x(PO4)(3)(OH; Cl; F)]的固溶体。用于估计2000年至2016年间从家庭和公共供水点收集的8300多个未经处理的地下水样品中的铅溶解潜能(LSP),该LSP是计算得出的在25摄氏度之前可溶解的铅金属量矿物质沉淀。未经处理的地下水样品中约有33%的LSP大于15微克/升-USEPA形式的Pb。 5%的样品具有较高的LSP(高于300μg / L),并且倾向于发生在美国东部和东南部。很少检测到高于15μg / L的测得的Pb浓度(<1%),但总是与高LSP值相吻合。未来的工作将使人们更好地了解自来水中的水化学,铅矿物质形成和溶解的铅浓度之间的关系。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2019年第6期|3095-3103|共9页
  • 作者单位

    US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA;

    US Geol Survey, Water Mission Area, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA;

    US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Assessment Project, Northborough, MA 01532 USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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