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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >Efficient Removal of Ultrafine Particles from Diesel Exhaust by Selected Tree Species: Implications for Roadside Planting for Improving the Quality of Urban Air
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Efficient Removal of Ultrafine Particles from Diesel Exhaust by Selected Tree Species: Implications for Roadside Planting for Improving the Quality of Urban Air

机译：通过选定的树种有效去除柴油机尾气中的超细颗粒：路边种植对改善城市空气质量的意义

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摘要

Human exposure to airborne ultrafine ( 1 mu m) particulate pollution may pose substantial hazards to human health, particularly in urban roadside environments where very large numbers of people are frequently exposed to vehicle-derived ultrafine particles (UFPs). For mitigation purposes, it is timely and important to quantify the deposition of traffic-derived UFPs onto leaves of selected plant species, with particularly efficient particle capture (high deposition velocity), which can be installed curbside, proximal to the emitting vehicular sources. Here, we quantify the size-resolved capture efficiency of UFPs from diesel vehicle exhaust by nine temperate-zone plant species, in wind tunnel experiments. The results show that silver birch (79% UFP removal), yew (71%), and elder (70.5%) have very high capabilities for capture of airborne UFPs. Metal concentrations and metal enrichment ratios in leaf leachates were also highest for the postexposure silver birch leaves; scanning electron microscopy showed that UFPs were concentrated along the hairs of these leaves. For all but two species, magnetic measurements demonstrated substantial increases in the concentration of magnetic particles deposited on the leaves after exposure to the exhaust particulates. Together, these new data show that leaf-deposition of UFPs is chiefly responsible for the substantial reductions in particle numbers measured downwind of the vegetation. It is critical to recognize that the deposition velocity of airborne particulate matter (PM) to leaves is species-specific and often substantially higher (similar to 10 to 50 times higher) than the "standard" V-d values (e.g., 0.1-0.64 cm s(-1) for PM2.5) used in most modeling studies. The use of such low V-d values in models results in a major under-estimation of PM removal by roadside vegetation and thus misrepresents the efficacy of selected vegetation species in the substantial ( 20%) removal of PM. Given the potential hazard to health posed by UFPs and the removal efficiencies shown here (and by previous roadside measurements), roadside planting (maintained at or below head height) of selected species at PM "hotspots" can contribute substantially and quickly to improve in urban air quality and reductions in human exposure. These findings can contribute to the development and implementation of mitigation policies of traffic-derived PM on an international scale.
机译：人体暴露于空气中的超细颗粒物（ 1微米）可能会对人体健康造成重大危害，尤其是在城市路边环境中，其中很多人经常暴露于源自车辆的超细颗粒物（UFP）。出于缓解的目的，及时而重要的是量化交通来源的UFP在选定植物物种的叶子上的沉积，并特别有效地捕获颗粒（高沉积速度），可以将其安装在路边，靠近排放源。在这里，我们在风洞实验中量化了九种温带植物物种从柴油车尾气中UFPs的尺寸分辨捕获效率。结果表明，白桦树（去除了79％的UFP），紫杉（71％）和年长者（70.5％）具有很高的捕获机载UFP的能力。暴露后的白桦叶中叶浸出液中的金属浓度和金属富集率也最高。扫描电子显微镜显示，UFPs集中在这些叶子的头发上。对于除两个物种以外的所有物种，磁性测量结果表明，暴露于废气颗粒后，沉积在叶片上的磁性颗粒浓度大大增加。总之，这些新数据表明，UFP的叶片沉积是造成植被顺风方向测得的颗粒数量大幅减少的主要原因。至关重要的是要认识到，空气中颗粒物（PM）到叶片的沉积速度是特定于物种的，并且通常比“标准” Vd值（例如0.1-0.64）高得多（大约高10到50倍）。在大多数建模研究中使用的是PM2.5 cm s（-1）。在模型中使用如此低的V-d值会严重低估路边植被对PM的去除，因此错误地代表了所选植被物种对PM的实质（ 20％）去除的功效。考虑到UFP对健康的潜在危害以及此处所示的清除效率（以及以前的路边测量值），在“热点” PM处对选定物种进行路边种植（保持在头部高度以下）改善城市空气质量并减少人类接触。这些发现可有助于在国际范围内制定和实施源自交通的PM的缓解政策。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2019年第12期|6906-6916|共11页
  • 作者

    Wang Huixia; Maher Barbara A.; Ahmed Imad A. M.; Davison Brian;

  • 作者单位

    Xian Univ Architecture & Technol, Sch Environm & Municipal Engn, Xian 710055, Shaanxi, Peoples R China|Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England;

    Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England;

    Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, Oxford OX1 3AN, England;

    Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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