Consistent Transport of Terrestrial Microplastics to the Ocean through Atmosphere

Liu Kai; Wu Tianning; Wang Xiaohui; Song Zhangyu; Zong Changxing; Wei Nian; Li Daoji

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Consistent Transport of Terrestrial Microplastics to the Ocean through Atmosphere

机译：陆上微塑料通过大气向海洋的持续运输

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Although atmospheric transport and deposition could be an important pathway of terrestrial pollutants to the ocean, little information concerning the presence and distribution of these suspended atmospheric microplastics in marine air is available. We investigated, for the first time, the occurrence and distribution of suspended atmospheric microplastics (SAMPs) in the west Pacific Ocean. In this study, the spatial distribution, morphological appearance, and chemical composition of suspended atmospheric microplastics were studied through continuous sampling during a cruise. SAMPs abundance ranged from 0 to 1.37 n/m(3), the median of 0.01 n/m(3). Fiber, fragment, and granule SAMPs quantitively constituted 60%, 31%, and 8% of all MPs, respectively. Interestingly, plastic microbeads with numerical proportion of 5% were also observed. A high suspended atmospheric microplastics abundance was found in the coastal area (0.13 +/- 0.24 n/m(3)), while there was less amount detected in the pelagic area (0.01 0.01 n/m3). The amount of suspended atmospheric microplastics collected during the daytime (0.45 +/- 0.46 n/m(3)) was twice the amount collected at night (0.22 +/- 0.19 n/m(3)), on average. Our observations provide field-based evidence that suspended atmospheric microplastics are an important source of microplastics pollution in the ocean, especially the pollution caused by textile microfibers.

机译：尽管大气的运输和沉积可能是陆地污染物进入海洋的重要途径，但有关这些悬浮的大气微塑料在海洋空气中的存在和分布的信息很少。我们首次调查了西太平洋中悬浮的大气微塑料（SAMP）的发生和分布。在这项研究中，通过巡航过程中的连续采样研究了悬浮大气微塑料的空间分布，形态外观和化学成分。 SAMP的丰度范围为0到1.37 n / m（3），中位数为0.01 n / m（3）。纤维，碎片和颗粒SAMP分别占所有MP的60％，31％和8％。有趣的是，还观察到数量比例为5％的塑料微珠。在沿海地区（0.13 +/- 0.24 n / m（3））发现了高悬浮大气中的微塑料含量，而在中上层地区检测到的悬浮物含量较低（0.01 0.01 n / m3）。白天平均收集的悬浮态大气微塑料量（0.45 +/- 0.46 n / m（3））是夜间收集量的两倍（0.22 +/- 0.19 n / m（3））。我们的观察结果提供了基于现场的证据，表明大气中悬浮的微塑料是海洋中微塑料污染的重要来源，尤其是纺织微纤维造成的污染。

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《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2019年第18期|10612-10619|共8页
作者
Liu Kai; Wu Tianning; Wang Xiaohui; Song Zhangyu; Zong Changxing; Wei Nian; Li Daoji;
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East China Normal Univ State Key Lab Estuarine & Coastal Res 500 Dongchuan Rd Shanghai 200062 Peoples R China;

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收录信息美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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正文语种 eng
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专利

1. Microplastics more likely to affect terrestrial, freshwater environments than oceans - ECHA [J] . Niall Swan ICIS News . 2018,第Nova22期

机译：微塑料更有可能影响陆地，淡水环境而不是海洋 - Echa
2. Ocean–atmosphere dynamics during Hurricane Ida and Nor’Ida: An application of the coupled ocean–atmosphere–wave–sediment transport (COAWST) modeling system [J] . Maitane Olabarrieta, John C. Warner, Brandy Armstrong, Ocean modelling . 2012,第Null期

机译：艾达飓风和诺达飓风期间的海洋-大气动力学：海洋-大气-波-沉积物耦合运输（COAWST）建模系统的应用
3. Origin and early evolution of terrestrial planet atmospheres and oceans [J] . TAO: Terrastrial, atmospheric, and oceanic sciences . 2019,第6期

机译：陆地行星大气和海洋的起源和早期演变
4. Analysis on oceanic and terrestrial domino effect of atmosphere refractive [C] . Niu Zhong-xia, Yu Dao-jie, Mo You-quan, . 2003

机译：大气折射的海洋和陆地多米诺效应分析
5. Dependence of Tropical Precipitation on Changes in Cross-Equatorial Atmosphere and Ocean Heat Transport in Global Warming Simulations [D] . Spevacek, Ashly. 2017

机译：全球变暖模拟中热带降水对越赤道大气变化和海洋热传输的依赖性
6. Pan-European groundwater to atmosphere terrestrial systems climatology from a physically consistent simulation [O] . Carina Furusho-Percot, Klaus Goergen, Carl Hartick, 2019

机译：通过物理上一致的模拟得出的泛欧洲地下水到大气陆地系统的气候
7. The oceans mediate the response of global climate to natural and anthropogenic forcings. Yet for the past 2,000 years — a key interval for understanding the present and future climate response to these forcings — global sea surface temperature changes and the underlying driving mechanisms are poorly constrained. Here we present a global synthesis of sea surface temperatures for the Common Era (ce) derived from 57 individual marine reconstructions that meet strict quality control criteria. We observe a cooling trend from 1 to 1800 ce that is robust against explicit tests for potential biases in the reconstructions. Between 801 and 1800 ce, the surface cooling trend is qualitatively consistent with an independent synthesis of terrestrial temperature reconstructions, and with a sea surface temperature composite derived from an ensemble of climate model simulations using best estimates of past external radiative forcings. Climate simulations using single and cumulative forcings suggest that the ocean surface cooling trend from 801 to 1800 ce is not primarily a response to orbital forcing but arises from a high frequency of explosive volcanism. Our results show that repeated clusters of volcanic eruptions can induce a net negative radiative forcing that results in a centennial and global scale cooling trend via a decline in mixed-layer oceanic heat content. [O] . McGregor, Helen V., Evans, Michael N., Goosse, Hugues, 2015

机译：海洋调节了全球气候对自然和人为强迫的响应。然而，在过去的2,000年中（这是了解当前和未来气候对这些强迫的响应的关键间隔），全球海表温度变化及其潜在的驱动机制受到的约束很有限。在这里，我们提出了一个共同的时期（ce）的全球海面温度的全球综合，该综合来自57个符合严格质量控制标准的海洋重建项目。我们观察到从1到1800 ce的冷却趋势，对于显式测试重建中潜在的偏倚而言，该趋势很稳健。在801至1800 ce之间，表面降温趋势在质量上与地面温度重建的独立合成以及从使用过去外部辐射强迫的最佳估计的气候模型模拟集合推导出的海面温度合成在质量上是一致的。使用单一和累积强迫的气候模拟表明，从801到1800 ce的海洋表面冷却趋势主要不是对轨道强迫的反应，而是爆炸性火山爆发的频繁发生。我们的结果表明，火山喷发的反复簇可引起净的负辐射强迫，这会导致混合层海洋热量降低而导致百年和全球规模的降温趋势。

Consistent Transport of Terrestrial Microplastics to the Ocean through Atmosphere

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