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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >Polymer-Specific Modeling of the Environmental Emissions of Seven Commodity Plastics As Macro- and Microplastics
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Polymer-Specific Modeling of the Environmental Emissions of Seven Commodity Plastics As Macro- and Microplastics

机译：七种商品塑料作为宏观和微观塑料的环境排放的聚合物特定模型

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摘要

Plastic has been identified as an emerging contaminant in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Uncertainties remain concerning the amounts present in the environment and the main responsible sources. In this study, the emissions of macro- and microplastics have been mapped for seven polymers in Switzerland. The modeling is based on a complete analysis of the flows from production and use to end-of-life using probabilistic material flow analysis. We estimate that 94 +/- 34 g/capita/year of low-density polyethylene, 98 +/- 50 g/cap/a of high-density polyethylene, 126 +/- 43 g/cap/a of polypropylene, 24 +/- 13 g/cap/a of polystyrene, 16 +/- 12 g/cap/a of expanded polystyrene, 65 +/- 36 g/cap/a of polyvinyl chloride, and 200 +/- 120 g/cap/a of polyethylene terephthalate enter the Swiss environment. All polymers combined, 540 +/- 140 and 73 +/- 14 g/cap/a are emitted into soil as macroplastics and microplastics, respectively, and 13.3 +/- 4.9 and 1.8 +/- 1.1 g/cap/a are emitted into freshwater as macroplastics and microplastics, respectively. The leading emission pathway is littering for both terrestrial and aquatic environments. Construction, agriculture, and pre- and postconsumer processes cause important emissions of microplastics into soils, and postconsumer processes, textiles, and personal care products release most of the microplastics into waters. Because mass flows into soils are predicted to be 40 times larger than those into waters, more attention should be placed on this compartment. Our work also highlights the importance of referring to specific polymers instead of just "plastics".
机译：塑料已经被确定为水生和陆地生态系统中的一种新兴污染物。关于环境中存在的量和主要负责来源仍存在不确定性。在这项研究中，已绘制出瑞士的7种聚合物的宏观和微观塑料排放量。该建模基于使用概率材料流分析对从生产和使用到报废的流进行的完整分析。我们估计94 / + /-34克/人/年的低密度聚乙烯，98 +/- 50克/人/年的高密度聚乙烯，126 +/- 43克/人/年的聚丙烯，24 + /-聚苯乙烯13 g / cap / a，膨胀聚苯乙烯16 +/- 12 g / cap / a，聚氯乙烯65 +/- 36 g / cap / a和200 +/- 120 g / cap / a聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯进入瑞士环境。所有组合的聚合物540 +/- 140和73 +/- 14 g / cap / a分别以大塑料和微塑料的形式排放到土壤中，分别排放13.3 +/- 4.9和1.8 +/- 1.1 g / cap / a分别作为大塑料和微塑料进入淡水。对于陆地和水生环境，主要的排放途径都乱扔垃圾。建筑，农业以及消费前和消费后的过程会导致向土壤中大量排放微塑料，而消费后的过程，纺织品和个人护理产品会将大部分微塑料释放到水中。由于预计流入土壤的质量将比流入水的质量大40倍，因此应更加注意该隔室。我们的工作还强调了提及特定聚合物的重要性，而不仅仅是“塑料”。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2019年第16期|9664-9676|共13页
  • 作者

    Kawecki Delphine; Nowack Bernd;

  • 作者单位

    Empa Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol Technol & Soc Lab Lerchenfeldstr 5 CH-9014 St Gallen Switzerland;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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