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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >Maximum Removal Efficiency of Barium, Strontium, Radium, and Sulfate with Optimum AMD-Marcellus Flowback Mixing Ratios for Beneficial Use in the Northern Appalachian Basin
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Maximum Removal Efficiency of Barium, Strontium, Radium, and Sulfate with Optimum AMD-Marcellus Flowback Mixing Ratios for Beneficial Use in the Northern Appalachian Basin

机译：在北部阿巴拉契亚盆地有利地使用最优AMD-Marcellus回流比例的钡，锶，镭和硫酸盐的最大去除效率

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摘要

Mixing of acid mine drainage (AMD) and hydraulic fracturing flowback fluids (HFFF) could represent an efficient management practice to simultaneously manage two complex energy wastewater streams while reducing freshwater resource consumption. AMD discharges offer generally high sulfate concentrations, especially from the bituminous coal region of Pennsylvania; unconventional Marcellus shale gas wells generally yield HFFF enriched in alkaline earth metals such as Sr and Ba, known to cause scaling issues in oil and gas (O&G) production. Mixing the two waters can precipitate HFFF-Ba and -Sr with AMD-SO_4, therefore removing them from solution. Four AMD discharges and HFFF from two unconventional Marcellus shale gas wells were characterized and mixed in batch reactors for 14 days. Ba could be completely removed from solution within 1 day of mixing in the form Ba_xSr_(1-x)SO_4 and no further significant precipitation occurred after 2 days. Total removal efficiencies of Ba + Sr + SO_4 and the proportion of Ba and Sr in Ba_xSr_(1-x)SO_4 depended upon the Ba/Sr ratio in the initial HFFF. A geochemical model was calibrated from batch reactor data and used to identify optimum AMD-HFFF mixing ratios that maximize total removal efficiencies (Ba + Sr + SO_4) for reuse in O&G development. Increasing Ba/Sr ratios can enhance total removal efficiency but decrease the efficiency of Ra removal. Thus, treatment objectives and intended beneficial reuse need to be identified prior to optimizing the treatment of HFFF with AMD.
机译：酸性矿山排水（AMD）和水力压裂返排液（HFFF）的混合可以代表一种有效的管理实践，可以同时管理两种复杂的能源废水流，同时减少淡水资源的消耗。 AMD排放物通常提供高浓度的硫酸盐，特别是宾夕法尼亚州的烟煤地区。非常规的Marcellus页岩气井通常会产生富含碱土金属（例如Sr和Ba）的HFFF，众所周知，这会引起油气生产中的结垢问题。将两种水混合可将HFFF-Ba和-Sr与AMD-SO_4沉淀，因此将其从溶液中除去。对来自两个非常规Marcellus页岩气井的四个AMD排放物和HFFF进行了表征，并在间歇反应器中混合了14天。在混合后的1天之内，Ba可以以Ba_xSr_（1-x）SO_4的形式从溶液中完全去除，并且在2天后不再发生明显的沉淀。 Ba + Sr + SO_4的总去除效率以及Ba_xSr_（1-x）SO_4中Ba和Sr的比例取决于初始HFFF中的Ba / Sr比。根据批次反应器数据校准了地球化学模型，并将其用于确定最佳AMD-HFFF混合比，以最大程度地提高总去除效率（Ba + Sr + SO_4），以便在O＆G开发中重复使用。 Ba / Sr比的增加可以提高总去除效率，但会降低Ra去除效率。因此，在使用AMD优化HFFF的治疗之前，需要确定治疗目标和预期的有益再利用。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2020年第8期|4829-4839|共11页
  • 作者

    Bonnie McDevitt; Michael Cavazza; Richard Beam; Eric Cavazza; William D. Burgos; Li Li; Nathaniel R. Warner;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania 16802 United States;

    Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania 16802 United States;

    Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection Bureau of Abandoned Mine Reclamation Ebensburg Pennsylvania 15931 United States;

    Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection Bureau of Abandoned Mine Reclamation Harrisburg Pennsylvania 17106 United States;

    Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania 16802 United States;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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  • 正文语种 eng
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