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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >Selecting Household Water Treatment Options on the Basis of World Health Organization Performance Testing Protocols
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Selecting Household Water Treatment Options on the Basis of World Health Organization Performance Testing Protocols

机译：根据世界卫生组织性能测试协议选择家庭水处理选择

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摘要

The World Health Organization's International Scheme to Evaluate Household Water Treatment Technologies serves to benchmark microbiological performance of existing and novel technologies and processes for small-scale drinking water treatment according to a tiered system. There is widespread uncertainty around which tiers of performance are most appropriate for technology selection and recommendation in humanitarian response or for routine safe water programming. We used quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) to evaluate attributable reductions in diarrheal disease burden associated with water treatment technologies meeting the three tiers of performance under this Scheme, across a range of conditions. According to mean estimates and under most modeling conditions, potential health gains attributable to microbiologically improved drinking water are realized at the middle tier of performance: "comprehensive protection: high pathogen removal (star star)" for each reference pathogen. The highest tier of performance may yield additional marginal health gains where untreated water is especially contaminated and where adherence is 100%. Our results highlight that health gains from improved efficacy of household water treatment technology remain marginal when adherence is less than 90%. While selection of water treatment technologies that meet minimum WHO efficacy recommendations for comprehensive protection against waterborne pathogens is critical, additional criteria for technology choice and recommendation should focus on potential for correct, consistent, and sustained use.
机译：世界卫生组织评估家庭水处理技术的国际计划为根据分层系统进行现有和新技术的微生物性能和小规模饮用水处理的过程。围绕哪些性能最适合在人道主义反应或常规安全水规中的技术选择和建议最适合的不确定性。我们使用定量微生物风险评估（QMRA）来评估与在此计划下符合本计划下的三层性能的水处理技术相关的腹泻病负担的可取性降低，跨越一系列条件。根据平均估计，在大多数建模条件下，潜在的卫生增长可归因于微生物学上改善的饮用水，在表现中的中间层中实现：“全面保护：每种参考病原体的高病原体去除（星星）”。最高的性能可能产生额外的边际健康收益，其中未处理的水是特别污染的，并且遵守100％。我们的结果强调，当遵守率小于90％时，从家庭水处理技术的提高效果中仍然存在效果的卫生收益保持边际。虽然选择符合综合保护综合保护的疗效建议的水处理技术是至关重要的，但技术选择和建议的额外标准应专注于正确，一致，持续使用的潜力。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2019年第9期|5043-5051|共9页
  • 作者

    Bivins Aaron; Beetsch Nikki; Majuru Batsirai; Montgomery Maggie; Sumner Trent; Brown Joe;

  • 作者单位

    Georgia Inst Technol Sch Civil & Environm Engn Atlanta GA 30332 USA;

    WHO CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland|NSF Int Ann Arbor MI 48105 USA;

    WHO CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland;

    WHO CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland;

    Georgia Inst Technol Sch Civil & Environm Engn Atlanta GA 30332 USA;

    Georgia Inst Technol Sch Civil & Environm Engn Atlanta GA 30332 USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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  • 正文语种 eng
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