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Quantifying the Biomagnification Capability of Arctic Wolf and Domestic Dog by Equilibrium Sampling

机译：通过均衡采样量化北极狼和家养犬的生物磁化能力

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摘要

The mechanism underlying contaminant biomagni-fication is a decrease in the volume (V) and the fugacity capacity (Z) of food during digestion in the gastrointestinal tract. Traditionally, biomagnification is quantified by measuring contaminant concentrations in animal tissues. Here, we present a proof-of-concept study to noninvasively derive the thermodynamic limit to an organism's biomagnification capability (biomagnification limit -BMF_(lim)) by determining the ratio of the V·Z-products of undigested and digested food. We quantify Z-values by equilibrating food and feces samples, which have been homogenized and spiked with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), with silicone films of variable thickness coated on the inside of glass vials. We demonstrate the feasibility of this method for wolf (Canis lupus hudsonicus) and domestic dog (Canis lupus jamiliaris). For an adult wolf eating a relatively lean meat diet, a BMF_(lim) (averaged over several PCB congeners) of approximately 41 was observed, whereas the BMF_(lim) reached 81 for an adult domestic dog eating a lipid-rich diet. Besides the dietary lipid content that strongly affects the Z-value of the diet, the capability of an animal to digest its diet also influences the BMF_(lim) by controlling the Z-values of their feces and the volume reduction of the food in the gastrointestinal tract. Less efficient digestion leads to a lower BMF_(lim) in a juvenile dog (approximately 35) compared to its older self, even though their diets had similar lipid contents. The effect of the volume reduction (V_D/V_F ranging from 4 to 15) was comparable to the effect of the Z-value reduction (Z_D/Z_F from 3 to 20).
机译：污染物生物斑发作的机制是在胃肠道中消化期间食物的体积（V）和Featacity（Z）的减少。传统上，通过测量动物组织中的污染物浓度来量化生物磁化。在这里，我们提出了一种概念证据，通过确定未消化和消化食物的V·Z-产物的比例，非侵略性地导出对生物体的生物镀锌能力（生物镀锌极限-BMF_（LIM））的热力学限制。我们通过平衡食物和粪便样品来定量Z值，该食物和粪便用多氯联苯（PCB）匀浆，涂有涂覆在玻璃瓶内的可变厚度的硅氧烷薄膜。我们展示了这种方法对狼（Canis Lupus Hudsonicus）和家养犬（Canis Lupus Jamiliaris）的可行性。对于吃较瘦肉饮食的成人狼，观察到大约41个约41的BMF_（LIM）（平均），而BMF_（LIM）达到成人家养养犬的成人家养饮食。除了强烈影响饮食Z价值的膳食脂质含量外，动物消化其饮食的能力也通过控制其粪便的Z值和食物的体积减少来影响BMF_（LIM）胃肠道。与其较旧的自我相比，少量狗（大约35）中的较低BMF_（LIM）导致较低的BMF_（LIM），即使他们的饮食有类似的脂质含量。体积降低（V_D / V_F范围为4〜15）的效果与Z值降低（Z_D / Z_F为3至20）的效果相当。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2020年第11期|6842-6849|共8页
  • 作者

    Yuhao Chen; Ying Duan Lei; Jaap Wensvoort; Frank Wania;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Chemistry and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences University of Toronto Scarborough Toronto Ontario Canada MIC 1A4;

    Department of Chemistry and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences University of Toronto Scarborough Toronto Ontario Canada MIC 1A4;

    Nutrition Science Toronto Zoo Toronto Ontario Canada MIB 5K7;

    Department of Chemistry and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences University of Toronto Scarborough Toronto Ontario Canada MIC IA4;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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  • 正文语种 eng
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