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Effect of Implementing Electronic Toll Collection in Reducing Highway Particulate Matter Pollution

机译：电子收费在减少公路颗粒物质污染中的影响

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摘要

Highway vehicle emissions can result in adverse health problems to nearby residents and workers, especially during traffic congestion. In response, the policy to implement electronic toll collection (ETC) has helped alleviate traffic congestion, as compared to manual toll collection (MTC) and has led to reduced air pollution and improved public health. However, the effect of ETC in reducing particulate matter polluting the air is not well understood, especially in the ultrafine particle (UFP) range (particle diameter ＜ 100 nm). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate how ETC affects the traffic pattern and air quality, especially UFP and PM_(2.5). We selected a site in Tainan, Taiwan, and measured UFP and PM_(2.5) concentrations before and after the construction of the ETC system. The computed traffic volumes during peak travel periods (7:00 AM to 9:00 AM and 4:00 PM to 6:00 PM) respectively, accounted for approximately 23-25% and 14-18% before and after the implementation of ETC, indicating that peak traffic volumes were more homogeneous after ETC. Moreover, the results indicate that the full implementation of ETC can help reduce UFP number concentrations and PM2.s mass concentrations in the highway downwind area by 4 × 10~3 #/cm~33 and 20.5 μg/m~3, respectively. After the full implementation of the ETC, significant reductions in both the UFP number concentration and PM_(2.5) mass concentration were seen. Furthermore, excessive lifetime cancer risks (ELCR) from exposure to PM_(2.5) and UFP together were reduced 49.3% after the implementation of the ETC. Accordingly, ETC not only helps alleviate traffic congestion but also reduces traffic emissions and lifetime cancer risk for people living or working near highways.
机译：公路车辆排放可能导致附近居民和工人的不利健康问题，特别是在交通拥堵过程中。作为响应，与手动收费收集（MTC）相比，实施电子收费收集（ETC）的政策有助于减轻交通拥堵，并导致空气污染和改善公共卫生。然而，ETC的效果在减少污染空气的颗粒物质中的效果尚不清楚，特别是在超细颗粒（UFP）范围（粒径<100nm）中。据我们所知，这是第一次调查E等影响交通模式和空气质量，特别是UFP和PM_（2.5）的研究。我们在施工建设之前和之后在台南，台湾，台湾和PM_（2.5）浓度中选择了一个网站。高峰旅行期间的计算机交通卷（7:00至上午9:00至下午4:00至下午6:00），在实施之前和之后和之后占23-25％和14-18％ ，表示峰值交通量更加均匀。此外，结果表明，ETC的全部实施可以有助于减少高速公路下行区域中的UFP数量和PM2.S质量浓度4×10〜3＃/ cm〜33和20.5μg/ m〜3。在完全实施ETC之后，可以看到UFP数浓度和PM_（2.5）质量浓度的显着降低。此外，在实施情况下，过度终身癌症风险（ELCR）与PM_（2.5）和UFP一起降低49.3％。因此，等等不仅有助于缓解交通拥堵，而且还减少了在高速公路上生活或工作的人们的交通排放和终身癌症风险。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2020年第15期|9210-9216|共7页
  • 作者

    Ming-Yeng Lin; Yu-Cheng Chen; Dung-Ying Lin; Bing-Fang Hwang; Hui-Tsung Hsu; Yu-Hsiang Cheng; Yu-Ting Liu; Perng-Jy Tsai;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Environmental and Occupational Health College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan;

    National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences National Health Research Institutes Miaoli Taiwan;

    Department of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management College of Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan;

    Department of Occupational Safety and Health College of Public Health China Medical University Taichung Taiwan;

    Department of Public Health College of Public Health China Medical University Taichung Taiwan;

    Department of Safety Health and Environmental Engineering College of Environment and Resources Ming Chi University of Technology Taipei Taiwan;

    Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences College of Agricultural and Natural Resources National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan;

    Department of Environmental and Occupational Health College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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