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Evaluating the Performance of Household Liquefied Petroleum Gas Cookstoves

机译：评估家用液化石油气灶具的性能

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src="http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/esthag/2018/esthag.2018.52.issue-2/acs.est.7b05155/20180111/images/medium/es-2017-05155s_0007.gif">Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) cookstoves are considered to be an important solution for mitigating household air pollution; however, their performance has rarely been evaluated. To fill the data and knowledge gaps in this important area, 89 laboratory tests were conducted to quantify efficiencies and pollutant emissions from five commercially available household LPG stoves under different burning conditions. The mean thermal efficiency (±standard deviation) for the tested LPG cookstoves was 51 ± 6%, meeting guidelines for the highest tier level (Tier 4) under the International Organization for Standardization, International Workshop Agreement 11. Emission factors of CO2, CO, THC, CH4, and NOx on the basis of useful energy delivered (MJd) were 142 ± 17, 0.77 ± 0.55, 130 ± 196, 5.6 ± 8.2, and 46 ± 9 mg/MJd, respectively. Approximately 90% of the PM2.5 data were below the detection limit, corresponding to an emission rate below 0.11 mg/min. For those data above the detection limit, the average emission factor was 2.4 ± 1.6 mg/MJd, with a mean emission rate of 0.20 ± 0.16 mg/min. Under the specified gas pressure (2.8 kPa), but with the burner control set to minimum air flow rate, less complete combustion resulted in a visually yellow flame, and CO, PM2.5, EC, and BC emissions all increased. LPG cookstoves met guidelines for Tier 4 for both CO and PM2.5 emissions and mostly met the World Health Organization Emission Rate Targets set to protect human health.
机译：src =“ http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/esthag/2018/esthag.2018.52.issue-2/acs.est.7b05155/20180111/images/medium /es-2017-05155s_0007.gif“>液化石油气（LPG）灶具被认为是减轻家庭空气污染的重要解决方案；但是，它们的性能很少被评估。为了填补这一重要领域的数据和知识空白，进行了89次实验室测试，以量化五种在不同燃烧条件下商用的家用液化石油气炉的效率和污染物排放。经测试的液化石油气炉灶的平均热效率（±标准偏差）为51±6％，符合国际标准化组织国际车间协议11规定的最高等级（等级4）的准则。 2 ，CO，THC，CH 4 和NO x （基于输送的有用能量）（MJ d 分别为142±17、0.77±0.55、130±196、5.6±8.2和46±9 mg / MJ d 。大约90％的PM 2.5 数据低于检测极限，对应的排放速率低于0.11 mg / min。对于那些高于检测极限的数据，平均排放因子为2.4±1.6 mg / MJ d ，平均排放率为0.20±0.16 mg / min。在规定的气体压力（2.8 kPa）下，但将燃烧器控制设置为最小空气流量，较少的完全燃烧会导致外观呈黄色火焰，并释放CO，PM 2.5 ，EC和BC全部增加。液化石油气炉灶符合CO和PM 2.5 排放的Tier 4准则，并且大部分达到了旨在保护人类健康的世界卫生组织排放率目标。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2018年第2期|904-915|共12页
  • 作者

    Guofeng Shen; Michael D. Hays; Kirk R. Smith; Craig Williams; Jerroll W. Faircloth; James J. Jetter;

  • 作者单位

    Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States;

    U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States;

    School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States;

    CSS-Dynamac, Inc., 1910 Sedwick Road, Durham, North Carolina 27713, United States;

    Jacobs Technology, Inc., 600 William Northern Boulevard, Tullahoma, Tennessee 37388, United States;

    U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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  • 正文语种 eng
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