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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >Environmental Impacts by Fragments Released from Nanoenabled Products: A Multiassay, Multimaterial Exploration by the SUN Approach
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Environmental Impacts by Fragments Released from Nanoenabled Products: A Multiassay, Multimaterial Exploration by the SUN Approach

机译：纳米产品释放的碎片对环境的影响：通过SUN方法进行的多测定，多材料探索

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摘要

Nanoenabled products (NEPs) have numerous outdoor uses in construction, transportation or consumer scenarios, and there is evidence that their fragments are released in the environment at low rates. We hypothesized that the lower surface availability of NEPs fragment reduced their environmental effects with respect to pristine nanomaterials. This hypothesis was explored by testing fragments generated by intentional micronisation (“the SUN approach”; Nowack et al. Meeting the Needs for Released Nanomaterials Required for Further Testing: The SUN Approach. Environmental Science & Technology , 2016 ( 50 ), 2747). The NEPs were composed of four matrices (epoxy, polyolefin, polyoxymethylene, and cement) with up to 5% content of three nanomaterials (carbon nanotubes, iron oxide, and organic pigment). Regardless of the type of nanomaterial or matrix used, it was observed that nanomaterials were only partially exposed at the NEP fragment surface, indicating that mostly the intrinsic and extrinsic properties of the matrix drove the NEP fragment toxicity. Ecotoxicity in multiple assays was done covering relevant media from terrestrial to aquatic, including sewage treatment plant (biological activity), soil worms ( Enchytraeus crypticus ), and fish (zebrafish embryo and larvae and trout cell lines). We designed the studies to explore the possible modulation of ecotoxicity by nanomaterial additives in plastics/polymer/cement, finding none. The results support NEPs grouping by the matrix material regarding ecotoxicological effect during the use phase. Furthermore, control results on nanomaterial-free polymer fragments representing microplastic had no significant adverse effects up to the highest concentration tested.
机译：纳米功能产品（NEP）在建筑，运输或消费场景中具有大量的室外用途，并且有证据表明其碎片会以低速率释放到环境中。我们假设，相对于原始的纳米材料，NEP碎片的较低表面可用性降低了它们的环境影响。通过测试故意微粉化产生的碎片（“ SUN方法”； Nowack等人，满足进一步测试所需的释放纳米材料的需求：SUN方法）探索了这一假设。环境科学与技术，2016（50），2747）。 NEP由四种基质（环氧树脂，聚烯烃，聚甲醛和水泥）组成，三种纳米材料（碳纳米管，氧化铁和有机颜料）的含量最高为5％。无论使用哪种纳米材料或基质，都可以观察到纳米材料仅在NEP片段表面部分暴露，这表明基质的内在和外在性质大多驱动NEP片段的毒性。进行了多种测定的生态毒性，涵盖了从陆地到水生的相关介质，包括污水处理厂（生物活性），蠕虫（Enchytraeus crypticus）和鱼类（斑马鱼的胚胎，幼虫和鳟鱼细胞系）。我们设计了这些研究，以探索塑料/聚合物/水泥中纳米材料添加剂对生态毒性的可能调节，但没有发现。结果支持在使用阶段根据生态毒理学效应对基质材料进行NEP分组。此外，对代表微塑料的无纳米材料聚合物片段的控制结果在测试的最高浓度下均无明显不利影响。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2018年第3期|1514-1524|共11页
  • 作者

    Mónica J.B. Amorim; Sijie Lin; Karsten Schlich; José M. Navas; Andrea Brunelli; Nicole Neubauer; Klaus Vilsmeier; Anna L. Costa; Andreas Gondikas; Tian Xia; Liliana Galbis; Elena Badetti; Antonio Marcomini; Danail Hristozov; Frank von der Kammer; Kerstin Hund-Rinke; Janeck J. Scott-Fordsmand; André Nel; Wendel Wohlleben;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal;

    College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China,Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States;

    Department of Ecotoxicology, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Auf dem Aberg 1, 57392 Schmallenberg, Germany;

    Department of Environment, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Centra De la Coruña Km 7.5, E-28040 Madrid, Spain;

    Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), University Ca’ Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30170 Venice Mestre, Italy;

    Department of Material Physics, BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany;

    Department of Material Physics, BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany;

    National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics (CNR-ISTEC), Via Granarolo, 64, I-48018 Faenza, Italy;

    Department of Environmental Geosciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;

    Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States;

    Department of Environment, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Centra De la Coruña Km 7.5, E-28040 Madrid, Spain;

    Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), University Ca’ Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30170 Venice Mestre, Italy;

    Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), University Ca’ Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30170 Venice Mestre, Italy;

    Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), University Ca’ Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30170 Venice Mestre, Italy;

    Department of Environmental Geosciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;

    Department of Ecotoxicology, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Auf dem Aberg 1, 57392 Schmallenberg, Germany;

    Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsovej 25, PO Box 314, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark;

    Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States;

    Department of Material Physics, BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany,Department of Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, D-67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany;

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