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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >Air Emission Reduction Benefits of Biogas Electricity Generation at Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants
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Air Emission Reduction Benefits of Biogas Electricity Generation at Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants

机译：市政污水处理厂减少沼气发电的废气排放效益

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摘要

Conventional processes for municipal wastewater treatment facilities are energy and materially intensive. This work quantifies the air emission implications of energy consumption, chemical use, and direct pollutant release at municipal wastewater treatment facilities across the U.S. and assesses the potential to avoid these damages by generating electricity and heat from the combustion of biogas produced during anaerobic sludge digestion. We find that embedded and on-site air emissions from municipal wastewater treatment imposed human health, environmental, and climate (HEC) damages on the order of $1.63 billion USD in 2012, with 85% of these damages attributed to the estimated consumption of 19 500 GWh of electricity by treatment processes annually, or 0.53% of the US electricity demand. An additional 11.8 million tons of biogenic CO_(2) are directly emitted by wastewater treatment and sludge digestion processes currently installed at plants. Retrofitting existing wastewater treatment facilities with anaerobic sludge digestion for biogas production and biogas-fueled heat and electricity generation has the potential to reduce HEC damages by up to 24.9% relative to baseline emissions. Retrofitting only large plants (>5 MGD), where biogas generation is more likely to be economically viable, would generate HEC benefits of $254 annually. These findings reinforce the importance of accounting for use-phase embedded air emissions and spatially resolved marginal damage estimates when designing sustainable infrastructure systems.
机译：用于市政废水处理设施的常规过程是能源和物质密集型的。这项工作量化了全美国城市污水处理设施中能耗，化学使用和直接污染物释放对空气排放的影响，并评估了通过厌氧污泥消化过程中产生的沼气燃烧产生的电能和热量来避免这些损害的潜力。我们发现，市政废水处理所产生的嵌入式和现场排放的空气在2012年对人类健康，环境和气候（HEC）造成了16.3亿美元的损失，其中85％的损失归因于19 500的消耗量每年通过处理过程产生的电力GWh，占美国电力需求的0.53％。当前工厂中已安装的废水处理和污泥消化过程直接排放了另外的1180万吨生物CO_（2）。用厌氧污泥消化法改造现有的废水处理设施，以生产沼气，以沼气为燃料的热力和电力，相对于基准排放量，有可能将HEC损害降低24.9％。仅对大型工厂（> 5 MGD）进行改造，在该工厂中沼气的生产在经济上更可行，每年将产生254美元的HEC收益。这些发现增强了在设计可持续基础设施系统时考虑使用阶段嵌入式空气排放和空间分辨的边际损害估计的重要性。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2018年第3期|1633-1643|共11页
  • 作者

    Daniel B. Gingerich; Meagan S. Mauter;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States;

    Department of Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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