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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >CuO Nanoparticle Dissolution and Toxicity to Wheat (Triticum aestivum) in Rhizosphere Soil
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CuO Nanoparticle Dissolution and Toxicity to Wheat (Triticum aestivum) in Rhizosphere Soil

机译：CuO纳米粒在根际土壤中的溶解及其对小麦的毒性

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摘要

It has been suggested, but not previously measured, that dissolution kinetics of soluble nanoparticles such as CuO nanoparticles (NPs) in soil affect their phytotoxicity. An added complexity is that such dissolution is also affected by the presence of plant roots. Here, we measured the rate of dissolution of CuO NPs in bulk soil, and in soil in which wheat plants ( Triticum aestivum) were grown under two soil NP dosing conditions: (a) freshly added CuO NPs (500 mg Cu/kg soil) and (b) CuO NPs aged for 28 d before planting. At the end of the plant growth period (14 d), available Cu was measured in three different soil compartments: bulk (not associated with roots), loosely attached to roots, and rhizosphere (soil firmly attached to roots). The labile Cu fraction increased from 17 mg/kg to 223 mg/kg in fresh treatments and from 283 mg/kg to 305 mg/kg in aged treatments over the growth period due to dissolution. Aging CuO NPs increased the toxicity to Triticum aestivum (reduction in root maximal length). The presence of roots in the soil had opposite and somewhat compensatory effects on NP dissolution, as measured in rhizosphere soil. pH increased 0.4 pH units for fresh NP treatments and 0.6 pH units for aged NPs. This lowered CuO NP dissolution in rhizosphere soil. Exudates from T. aestivum roots also increased soluble Cu in pore water. CaCl_(2) extractable Cu concentrations increaed in rhizosphere soil compared to bulk soil, from 1.8 mg/kg to 6.2 mg/kg in fresh treatment and from 3.4 mg/kg to 5.4 mg/kg in aged treatments. Our study correlated CuO NP dissolution and the resulting Cu ion exposure profile to phytotoxicity, and showed that plant-induced changes in rhizosphere conditions should be considered when measuring the dissolution of CuO NPs near roots.
机译：已经提出但尚未进行过测量的是，可溶性纳米颗粒（例如CuO纳米颗粒（NPs））在土壤中的溶解动力学会影响其植物毒性。增加的复杂性是这种溶解也受植物根系的存在影响。在这里，我们测量了散装土壤和小麦植物（小麦）在两种土壤NP配量条件下生长的土壤中CuO NPs的溶解速率：（a）新鲜添加的CuO NPs（500 mg Cu / kg土壤） （b）种植前陈化28天的CuO NP。在植物生长期结束（14天）时，在三种不同的土壤隔间中测量有效铜：散装（不与根相关），松散地附着于根和根际（土壤牢固地附着于根）。在生长期间，由于溶解，不稳定的铜含量在新鲜处理中从17 mg / kg增加到223 mg / kg，在老化处理中从283 mg / kg增加到305 mg / kg。老化的CuO NPs增加了对小麦的毒性（减少了最大根的长度）。如在根际土壤中测量的那样，土壤中的根的存在对NP的溶解具有相反的补偿作用。对于新鲜的NP处理，pH增加了0.4 pH单位，对于老化的NP，pH增加了0.6 pH单位。这降低了根际土壤中CuO NP的溶出度。小麦锥根的分泌物也增加了孔水中的可溶性铜。与块状土壤相比，根际土壤中的CaCl_（2）可提取Cu浓度增加，在新鲜处理中从1.8 mg / kg增加到6.2 mg / kg，在老化处理中从3.4 mg / kg增加到5.4 mg / kg。我们的研究将CuO NP的溶出度与所产生的Cu离子暴露谱与植物毒性相关联，并表明在测量根部附近的CuO NPs溶出度时应考虑植物诱导的根际条件变化。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2018年第5期|2888-2897|共10页
  • 作者

    Xiaoyu Gao; Astrid Avellan; Stephanie Laughton; Rucha Vaidya; Sónia M. Rodrigues; Elizabeth A. Casman; Gregory V. Lowry;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Center for Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT), and Department of Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States;

    Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Center for Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT), and Department of Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States;

    Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Center for Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT), and Department of Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States;

    Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Center for Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT), and Department of Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States;

    Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Chemistry, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;

    Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Center for Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT), and Department of Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States;

    Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Center for Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT), and Department of Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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