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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >Evaluating Environmental Governance along Cross-Border Electricity Supply Chains with Policy-Informed Life Cycle Assessment: The California-Mexico Energy Exchange
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Evaluating Environmental Governance along Cross-Border Electricity Supply Chains with Policy-Informed Life Cycle Assessment: The California-Mexico Energy Exchange

机译:通过政策知情的生命周期评估评估跨境电力供应链的环境治理:加利福尼亚-墨西哥能源交易所

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摘要

This paper presents a “policy-informed” life cycle assessment of a cross-border electricity supply chain that links the impact of each unit process to its governing policy framework. An assessment method is developed and applied to the California–Mexico energy exchange as a unique case study. CO_(2)-equivalent emissions impacts, water withdrawals, and air quality impacts associated with California’s imports of electricity from Mexican combined-cycle facilities fueled by natural gas from the U.S. Southwest are estimated, and U.S. and Mexican state and federal environmental regulations are examined to assess well-to-wire consistency of energy policies. Results indicate most of the water withdrawn per kWh exported to California occurs in Baja California, most of the air quality impacts accrue in the U.S. Southwest, and emissions of CO_(2)-equivalents are more evenly divided between the two regions. California energy policy design addresses generation-phase CO_(2) emissions, but not upstream CO_(2)-eq emissions of methane during the fuel cycle. Water and air quality impacts are not regulated consistently due to varying U.S. state policies and a lack of stringent federal regulation of unconventional gas development. Considering local impacts and the regulatory context where they occur provides essential qualitative information for functional-unit-based measures of life cycle impact and is necessary for a more complete environmental impact assessment.
机译:本文提出了对跨境电力供应链的“政策知情”生命周期评估,该评估将每个单元过程的影响与其治理政策框架联系起来。开发了一种评估方法,并将其作为独特的案例研究应用于加利福尼亚-墨西哥的能源交换。估算了与加州从墨西哥西南部以美国西南部天然气为燃料的联合循环设施进口电力相关的CO_(2)等效排放影响,取水量和空气质量影响,并且研究了美国和墨西哥各州和联邦环境法规评估能源政策的线对线一致性。结果表明,出口到加利福尼亚的每kWh的大部分取水都发生在加利福尼亚下加利福尼亚州,大部分空气质量影响都在美国西南部地区产生,并且CO_(2)等效当量的排放在这两个地区之间分配得更平均。加利福尼亚州的能源政策设计只针对发电阶段的CO_(2)排放,而不涉及燃料循环期间甲烷的上游CO_(2)-eq排放。由于美国各州政策的变化以及缺乏非常规天然气开发的严格联邦法规,对水和空气质量的影响未得到统一的监管。考虑到当地的影响及其发生的监管环境,为基于功能单元的生命周期影响度量提供了基本的定性信息,这对于更完整的环境影响评估是必要的。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2018年第9期|5048-5061|共14页
  • 作者单位

    Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, 473 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States;

    Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, 473 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States,Bill Lane Center for the American West, Stanford University, 473 Via Ortega Room 173, Stanford, California 94305, United States;

    Bill Lane Center for the American West, Stanford University, 473 Via Ortega Room 173, Stanford, California 94305, United States,Departamento de Estudios Urbanos y del Medio Ambiente, El Colegio de la Frontera Norte, A.C. Km 18.5 Carretera Escénica Tijuana - Ensenada San Antonio del Mar Tijuana, Baja California 22560, Mexico;

    Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, 473 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States,Department of Earth System Science and Precourt Institute for Energy, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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