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Insight into Multiple and Multilevel Structures of Biochars and Their Potential Environmental Applications: A Critical Review

机译：对生物炭的多级和多级结构及其潜在环境应用的洞察：批判性评论

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摘要

Biochar is the carbon-rich product of the pyrolysis of biomass under oxygen-limited conditions, and it has received increasing attention due to its multiple functions in the fields of climate change mitigation, sustainable agriculture, environmental control, and novel materials. To design a “smart” biochar for environmentally sustainable applications, one must understand recent advances in biochar molecular structures and explore potential applications to generalize upon structure–application relationships. In this review, multiple and multilevel structures of biochars are interpreted based on their elemental compositions, phase components, surface properties, and molecular structures. Applications such as carbon fixators, fertilizers, sorbents, and carbon-based materials are highlighted based on the biochar multilevel structures as well as their structure-application relationships. Further studies are suggested for more detailed biochar structural analysis and separation and for the combination of macroscopic and microscopic information to develop a higher-level biochar structural design for selective applications.
机译：生物炭是在氧气受限的条件下生物质热解过程中的富碳产品，由于其在减缓气候变化，可持续农业，环境控制和新型材料等领域的多种功能而受到越来越多的关注。要设计一种“智能”生物炭用于环境可持续应用，必须了解生物炭分子结构的最新进展，并探索潜在的应用以概括结构与应用之间的关系。在这篇综述中，基于生物炭的元素组成，相成分，表面性质和分子结构来解释生物炭的多级和多级结构。根据生物炭的多层结构及其结构与应用的关系，重点介绍了碳固定剂，肥料，吸附剂和碳基材料等应用。建议进一步研究，以进行更详细的生物炭结构分析和分离，并结合宏观和微观信息，以开发出更高水平的生物炭结构设计，以供选择性应用。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2018年第9期|5027-5047|共21页
  • 作者

    Xin Xiao; Baoliang Chen; Zaiming Chen; Lizhong Zhu; Jerald L. Schnoor;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China;

    Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China;

    Department of Environmental Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;

    Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China;

    Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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  • 正文语种 eng
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