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Dynamic Geospatial Modeling of the Building Stock To Project Urban Energy Demand

机译:建筑存量的动态地理空间建​​模以预测城市能源需求

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摘要

In the United States, buildings account for more than 40% of total energy consumption and the evolution of the urban form will impact the effectiveness of strategies to reduce energy use and mitigate emissions. This paper presents a broadly applicable approach for modeling future commercial, residential, and industrial floorspace, thermal consumption (heating and cooling), and associated GHG emissions at the tax assessor land parcel level. The approach accounts for changing building standards and retrofitting, climate change, and trends in housing and industry. We demonstrate the automated workflow for California and project building stock, thermal energy consumption, and associated GHG emissions out to 2050. Our results suggest that if buildings in California have long lifespans, and minimal energy efficiency improvements compared to building codes reflective of 2008, then the state will face higher increase in thermal energy consumption by 2050. Baseline annual GHG emissions associated with thermal energy consumption in the modeled building stock in 2016 is 34% below 1990 levels (110 Mt CO 2(eq)/y). While the 2020 targets for the reduction of GHG emissions set by the California Senate Bill 350 have already been met, none of our scenarios achieve 80% reduction from 1990 levels by 2050, despite assuming an 86% reduction in electricity carbon intensity in our "Low Carbon" scenario. The results highlight the challenge California faces in meeting its new energy efficiency targets unless the State's building stock undergoes timely and strategic turnover, paired with deep retrofitting of existing buildings and natural gas equipment.
机译:在美国,建筑物占总能耗的40%以上,城市形态的演变将影响减少能源使用和减少排放的战略的有效性。本文提供了一种广泛适用的方法,可用于对未来的商业,住宅和工业占地面积,热消耗(供热和制冷)以及相关的温室气体排放进行建模,以评估纳税人的土地面积。该方法考虑了不断变化的建筑标准和装修,气候变化以及住房和工业趋势。我们演示了到2050年加利福尼亚州和项目建筑存量,热能消耗以及相关的温室气体排放的自动化工作流程。我们的结果表明,与反映2008年的建筑法规相比,如果加利福尼亚州的建筑物使用寿命长,并且能效提高最小,那么到2050年,该州将面临更高的热能消耗增长。2016年与模型建筑存量相关的热能消耗基准年温室气体排放量比1990年的水平(110 Mt CO 2(eq)/ y)低34%。尽管已经达到了加利福尼亚州参议院第350号法案设定的2020年减少温室气体排放的目标,但尽管我们假设“电力碳强度降低了86%”,但到2050年,我们都无法实现比1990年降低80%以上的情景。低碳”方案。结果凸显出加利福尼亚州在实现其新能源效率目标方面所面临的挑战,除非该州的建筑存量进行及时和战略性周转,同时对现有建筑物和天然气设备进行深度改造。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2018年第14期|7604-7613|共10页
  • 作者单位

    Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Energy Technol Area, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA;

    Joint BioEnergy Inst, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA;

    Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Energy Technol Area, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA;

    Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Energy Technol Area, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA;

    Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Energy Technol Area, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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