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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >Monitoring Herbicide Concentrations and Loads during a Flood Event: A Comparison of Grab Sampling with Passive Sampling
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Monitoring Herbicide Concentrations and Loads during a Flood Event: A Comparison of Grab Sampling with Passive Sampling

机译：在洪水事件中监控除草剂的浓度和负荷：抓取采样与被动采样的比较

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摘要

The suitability of passive samplers (Chemcatcher) as an alternative to grab sampling in estimating time-weighted average (TWA) concentrations and total loads of herbicides was assessed. Grab sampling complemented deployments of passive samplers in a tropical waterway in Queensland, Australia, before, during and after a flood event. Good agreement was observed between the two sampling modes in estimating TWA concentrations that was independent of herbicide concentrations ranging over 2 orders of magnitude. In a flood-specific deployment, passive sampler TWA concentrations underestimated mean grab sampler (n = 258) derived concentrations of atrazine, diuron, ametryn, and metolachlor by an average factor of 1.29. No clear trends were evident in the ratios of load estimates from passive samplers relative to grab samples that ranged between 0.3 and 1.8 for these analytes because of the limitations of using TWA concentrations to derive flow-weighted loads. Stratification of deployments by flow however generally resulted in noticeable improvements in passive sampler load estimates. By considering the magnitude of the uncertainty (interquartile range and the root-mean-squared error) of load estimates a modeling exercise showed that passive samplers were a viable alternative to grab sampling since between 3 and 17 grab samples were needed before grab sampling results had less uncertainty.
机译：在评估时间加权平均（TWA）浓度和除草剂总含量时，评估了被动采样器（Chemcatcher）作为抓取采样的替代方法的适用性。洪灾发生之前，之中和之后，抓斗采样补充了被动采样器在澳大利亚昆士兰州热带水道中的部署。在估算TWA浓度时，在两个采样模式之间观察到了很好的一致性，而与不超过2个数量级的除草剂浓度无关。在特定于洪水的部署中，被动采样器的TWA浓度低估了平均抓取采样器（n = 258）得出的阿特拉津，敌草隆，atricn和异丙甲草胺的平均浓度为1.29。由于使用TWA浓度来得出流量加权的负载的局限性，被动采样器的负载估计值与这些分析物的抓取样本的负载率之比在0.3到1.8之间没有明显趋势。但是，按流对部署进行分层通常可以显着改善被动采样器的负载估算。通过考虑负荷估算的不确定性（四分位数范围和均方根误差）的大小，建模练习显示被动采样器是可行的替代采样方法，因为在获取采样结果之前需要3至17个采样不确定性较小。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2017年第7期|3880-3691|共190页
  • 作者

    Andrew Joseph Novic; Dominique S. OBrien; Sarit L. Kaserzon; Darryl W. Hawker; Stephen E. Lewis; Jochen F. Mueller;

  • 作者单位

    Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, Queensland 4108, Australia;

    Catchment to Reef Research Group, Trop WATER, ATSIP, DB145, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia;

    Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, Queensland 4108, Australia;

    Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia;

    Catchment to Reef Research Group, Trop WATER, ATSIP, DB145, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia;

    Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, Queensland 4108, Australia;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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