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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >Predictors of Drinking Water Boiling and Bottled Water Consumption in Rural China: A Hierarchical Modeling Approach
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Predictors of Drinking Water Boiling and Bottled Water Consumption in Rural China: A Hierarchical Modeling Approach

机译：中国农村饮用水沸腾和瓶装水消耗的预测因素：一种层次建模方法

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摘要

Approximately two billion people drink unsafe water. Boiling is the most commonly used household water treatment (HWT) method globally and in China. HWT can make water safer, but sustained adoption is rare and bottled water consumption is growing. To successfully promote HWT, an understanding of associated socioeconomic factors is critical. We collected survey data and water samples from 450 rural households in Guangxi Province, China. Covariates were grouped into blocks to hierarchically construct modified Poisson models and estimate risk ratios (RR) associated with boiling methods, bottled water, and untreated water. Female-headed households were most likely to boil (RR = 1.36, p < 0.01), and among boilers those using electric kettles rather than pots had higher income proxies (e.g., per capita TV ownership RR = 1.42, p < 0.01). Higher-income households with younger, literate, and male heads were more likely to purchase (frequently contaminated) bottled water, or use electric kettles if they boiled. Our findings show that boiling is not an undifferentiated practice, but one with different methods of varying effectiveness, environmental impact, and adoption across socioeconomic strata. Our results can inform programs to promote safer and more efficient boiling using electric kettles, and suggest that if rural China's economy continues to grow then bottled water use will increase.
机译：大约有二十亿人喝不安全的水。沸腾是全球和中国最常用的家庭水处理（HWT）方法。 HWT可以使水更安全，但是持续采用的情况很少，瓶装水的消耗也在增长。为了成功地推广HWT，了解相关的社会经济因素至关重要。我们收集了来自广西省450户农村家庭的调查数据和水样。将协变量分组为多个块，以分层构建改进的Poisson模型，并估计与沸腾方法，瓶装水和未处理水相关的风险比（RR）。女户主家庭最有可能煮沸（RR = 1.36，p <0.01），在锅炉中，使用电热水壶而不是锅的人的收入更高（例如，人均电视拥有量RR = 1.42，p <0.01）。收入较高，年轻，文盲和男性户主的家庭更有可能购买（经常被污染）瓶装水，或者如果煮沸了则使用电热水壶。我们的研究结果表明，煮沸并不是一成不变的做法，而是一种采用不同方法来改变有效性，环境影响以及在整个社会经济阶层中采用的方法。我们的结果可以为计划推广使用电热水壶进行更安全，更有效的煮沸提供依据，并建议如果中国农村经济继续增长，瓶装水的使用量将会增加。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2017年第12期|6945-6956|共12页
  • 作者

    Alasdair Cohen; $Qi Zhang; Qing Luo; Yong Tao; John M. Colford; Isha Ray;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California United States of America,Schoot of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California United States of America;

    National Center for Rural Water Supply Technical Guidance, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China;

    National Center for Rural Water Supply Technical Guidance, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China;

    National Center for Rural Water Supply Technical Guidance, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China;

    Schoot of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California United States of America;

    Energy and Resources Group, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California United States of America;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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