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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >Human Exposure to Legacy and Emerging Halogenated Flame Retardants via Inhalation and Dust Ingestion in a Norwegian Cohort
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Human Exposure to Legacy and Emerging Halogenated Flame Retardants via Inhalation and Dust Ingestion in a Norwegian Cohort

机译：挪威人通过吸入和吸入灰尘接触人类的传统遗产和新兴的卤代阻燃剂

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摘要

In this study, we estimated human exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDDs), and several emerging flame retardants (EFRs) via inhalation and dust ingestion. Sixty indoor stationary air samples, 13 personal air samples, and 60 settled dust samples were collected from a Norwegian cohort during winter 2013. PBDEs showed the highest median concentration in dust (1200 ng/g), followed by EFRs (730 ng/g) and HBCDDs (190 ng/g). The PBDE concentrations in dust were mainly driven by BDE-209 and those of EFRs by bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate. EFRs predominated in stationary air samples, with 2-ethylhexyl 2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate and 4-(1,2-dibromoethyl)-1,2-dibromocyclohexane having the highest median concentrations (150 and 25 pg/m~3 (sum of α- and β-isomers), respectively). Different profiles and concentrations were observed in personal air samples compared to the corresponding stationary air samples. In relation to inhalation exposure, dust ingestion appears to be the major exposure pathway to FRs (median total exposure 230 pg/kg bw/d, accounting for more than 65% of the total exposure) for the Norwegian cohort. The calculated exposure due to air inhalation was substantially lower when the stationary air concentrations were used rather than personal air concentrations (43 pg/kg bw/d versus 130 pg/kg bw/d). This suggests that other exposure situations (such as outdoors or in offices) contributed significantly to the overall personal exposure, which cannot be included by using only a stationary air sampling technique. The median and 95th percentile exposures for all target FRs did not exceed the reference dose.
机译：在这项研究中，我们通过吸入和吸入粉尘估算了人类接触多溴联苯醚（PBDEs），六溴环十二烷（HBCDDs）和几种新兴阻燃剂（EFR）的程度。 2013年冬季，从挪威队列中收集了60个室内固定空气样本，13个个人空气样本和60个沉降的尘埃样本。多溴二苯醚显示的尘埃中位数浓度最高（1200 ng / g），其次是EFR（730 ng / g）和六溴环十二烷（190 ng / g）。灰尘中的PBDE浓度主要由BDE-209驱动，而EFR的浓度主要由双（2-乙基己基）四溴邻苯二甲酸酯驱动。 EFR在固定空气样品中占主导地位，其中2,3,4,5-四溴苯甲酸2-乙基己酯和4-（1,2-二溴乙基）-1,2-二溴环己烷的中值浓度最高（150和25 pg / m〜3 （分别是α和β异构体的总和）。与相应的固定空气样本相比，在个人空气样本中观察到了不同的轮廓和浓度。就吸入暴露而言，挪威人群中粉尘的摄入似乎是FRs的主要暴露途径（中位总暴露量为230 pg / kg bw / d，占总暴露量的65％以上）。当使用固定空气浓度而不是个人空气浓度时，由于吸入空气而导致的计算暴露量要低得多（43 pg / kg bw / d与130 pg / kg bw / d）。这表明其他暴露情况（例如户外或办公室）对个人总体暴露有显着影响，仅使用固定的空气采样技术无法将其包括在内。所有目标FR的中位数和第95个百分位数的暴露量均未超过参考剂量。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2017年第14期|8176-8184|共9页
  • 作者

    Tay Joohui; Sellström Ulla; Papadopoulou Eleni Zouboulia; Padilla-Sánchez Juan Antonio; Haug Line Småstuen; De Wit Cynthia;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden;

    Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden;

    Department of Environmental Exposure and Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH), Lovisenberggata 8, Oslo, Norway;

    Department of Environmental Exposure and Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH), Lovisenberggata 8, Oslo, Norway;

    Department of Environmental Exposure and Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH), Lovisenberggata 8, Oslo, Norway;

    Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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