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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >Reverse Osmosis Shifts Chloramine Speciation Causing Re-Formation of NDMA during Potable Reuse of Wastewater
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Reverse Osmosis Shifts Chloramine Speciation Causing Re-Formation of NDMA during Potable Reuse of Wastewater

机译：反渗透改变氯胺的形态，导致在饮用水的可重复利用过程中重新形成NDMA

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摘要

UV-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) effectively degrade N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) passing through reverse osmosis (RO) units within advanced treatment trains for the potable reuse of municipal wastewater. However, certain utilities have observed the re-fbrmation of NDMA after the AOP from reactions between residual chloramines and NDMA precursors in the AOP product water. Using kinetic modeling and bench-scale RO experiments, we demonstrate that the low pH in the RO permeate (~5.5) coupled with the effective rejection of NHt* promotes conversion of the residual monochloramine (NH2C1) in the permeate to dichloramine (NHC12) via the reaction: 2 NH2C1 + H+ <-> NHC12 + NH*+. Dichloramine is the chloramine species known to react with NDMA precursors to form NDMA. After UV/AOP, utilities generally use lime or other techniques to increase the pH of the finished water to prevent distribution system corrosion. Modeling indicated that, while the increase in pH halts dichloramine formation, it converts amine-based NDMA precursors to their more reactive, neutral forms. With modeling, and experiments at both bench-scale and field-scale, we demonstrate that reducing the time interval between RO treatment and final pH adjustment can significantly reduce NDMA re-formation by minimizing the amount of dichloramine formed prior to reaching the final target pH.
机译：基于紫外线的高级氧化工艺（AOP）可有效降解经过高级处理系统中反渗透（RO）单元的N-亚硝基二甲胺（NDMA），以用于市政污水的饮用水回用。但是，某些公用事业公司已经观察到AOP之后，AOP产品水中残留的氯胺和NDMA前体之间的反应会重新分解NDMA。使用动力学模型和台式规模的RO实验，我们证明了RO渗透液中的低pH值（〜5.5）以及NHt *的有效排泄促进了渗透液中残留的一氯胺（NH2C1）通过转化为二氯胺（NHC12）。反应：2 NH 2 Cl + H +-NHC 12 + NH * +。二氯胺是已知可与NDMA前体反应形成NDMA的氯胺类。在进行UV / AOP处理后，公用事业公司通常使用石灰或其他技术来提高最终水的pH值，以防止分配系统腐蚀。建模表明，尽管pH值的增加阻止了二氯胺的形成，但它会将基于胺的NDMA前体转化为更具反应性的中性形式。通过建模以及在实验室规模和现场规模的实验，我们证明减少RO处理和最终pH调节之间的时间间隔可以通过最大限度地减少在达到最终目标pH值之前形成的二氯胺的量来显着减少NDMA的重整。 。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2017年第15期|8589-8596|共8页
  • 作者

    Daniel L. McCurry; Kenneth P. Ishida; Gregg L. Oelker; William A. Mitch;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States(D.L.M.) Astani Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States.;

    Orange County Water District, Fountain Valley, California 92708, United States;

    Suez, Edward C. Little Reclamation Facility, El Segundo, California 90245, United States;

    National Science Foundation Engineering Research Center for Re-Inventing the Nation's Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt), 473 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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