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A 320 Year Ice-Core Record of Atmospheric Hg Pollution in the Altai, Central Asia

机译：中亚阿尔泰地区320年冰芯大气汞污染记录

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摘要

Anthropogenic emissions of the toxic heavy metal mercury (Hg) have substantially increased atmospheric Hg levels during the 20th century compared to preindustrial times. However, on a regional scale, atmospheric Hg concentration or deposition trends vary to such an extent during the industrial period that the consequences of recent Asian emissions on atmospheric Hg levels are still unclear. Here we present a 320 year Hg deposition history for Central Asia, based on a continuous high-resolution ice-core Hg record from the Belukha glacier in the Siberian Altai, covering the time period 1680-2001. Hg concentrations and deposition fluxes start rising above background levels at the beginning of the 19th century due to emissions from gold/silver mining and Hg production. A steep increase occurs after the 1940s culminating during the 1970s, at the same time as the maximum Hg use in consumer products in Europe and North America. After a distinct decrease in the 1980s, Hg levels in the 1990s and beginning of the 2000s return to their maximum values, which we attribute to increased Hg emissions from Asia. Thus, rising Hg emissions from coal combustion and artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) in Asian countries determine recent atmospheric Hg levels in Central Asia, counteracting emission reductions due to control measures in Europe and North America.
机译：与工业化前的时期相比，在20世纪，人为排放的有毒重金属汞（Hg）大大增加了大气中的汞含量。但是，在区域范围内，大气汞的浓度或沉积趋势在工业化时期内变化程度如此之大，以至于近期亚洲排放物对大气汞水平的影响尚不清楚。在这里，我们根据西伯利亚阿尔泰地区Belukha冰川连续高分辨率的冰芯汞记录，介绍了中亚地区320年的汞沉积历史，涵盖了1680-2001年。由于金/银开采和汞生产的排放，汞的浓度和沉积通量在19世纪初开始高于背景水平。 1940年代后到1970年代达到顶峰，急剧增加，与此同时，欧洲和北美消费产品中的汞使用量最高。在1980年代明显减少之后，1990年代和2000年代初的汞含量恢复到最大值，这归因于亚洲汞排放量的增加。因此，亚洲国家燃煤，手工和小规模金矿开采（ASGM）产生的汞排放上升，决定了中亚地区近期的大气汞含量，抵消了欧洲和北美采取的控制措施所导致的减排量。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2017年第20期|11597-11606|共10页
  • 作者

    Eyrikh Stella; Eichler Anja; Tobler Leonhard Hard; Malygina Natalia S.; Papina T. S.; Schwikowski Margit;

  • 作者单位

    Institute for Water and Environmental Problems, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Barnaul, Russian Federation;

    Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland,Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland;

    Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland,Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland;

    Institute for Water and Environmental Problems, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Barnaul, Russian Federation;

    Institute for Water and Environmental Problems, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Barnaul, Russian Federation;

    Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland,Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland,Department for Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern, Switzerland;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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