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Observation-Based Assessment of PBDE Loads in Arctic Ocean Waters

机译：基于观测的北极海洋水中多溴二苯醚负荷评估

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摘要

Little is known about the distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) -also known as flame retardants- in major ocean compartments, with no reports yet for the large deep-water masses of the Arctic Ocean. Here, PBDE concentrations, congener patterns and inventories are presented for the different water masses of the pan-Arctic shelf seas and the interior basin. Seawater samples were collected onboard three cross-basin oceanographic campaigns in 2001, 2005, and 2008 following strict trace-clean protocols. Σ_(14)PBDE concentrations in the Polar Mixed Layer (PML; a surface water mass) range from 0.3 to 11.2 pg· L~(-1), with higher concentrations in the pan-Arctic shelf seas and lower levels in the interior basin. BDE-209 is the dominant congener in most of the pan-Arctic areas except for the ones close to Norm America, where penta-BDE and tetra-BDE congeners predominate. In deep-water masses, Σ_(14)PBDE concentrations are up to 1 order of magnitude higher than in the PML. Whereas BDE-209 decreases with depth, the less-brominated congeners, particularly BDE-47 and BDE-99, increase down through the water column. Likewise, concentrations of BDE-71 -a congener not present in any PBDE commercial mixture-increase with depth, which potentially is the result of debromination of BDE-209. The inventories in the three water masses of the Central Arctic Basin (PML, intermediate Atlantic Water Layer, and the Arctic Deep Water Layer) are 158 ± 77 kg, 6320 ± 235 kg and 30800 ± 3100 kg, respectively. The total load of PBDEs in the entire Arctic Ocean shows that only a minor fraction of PBDEs emissions are transported to the Arctic Ocean. These findings represent the first PBDE data in the deep-water compartments of an ocean.
机译：关于多溴联苯醚（PBDE）（也称为阻燃剂）在主要海洋舱室中的分布知之甚少，目前尚无关于北冰洋深水区的报道。在此，列出了泛北极陆架海和内陆盆地的不同水团的多溴二苯醚浓度，同类物和清单。遵循严格的痕量清洁方案，分别于2001年，2005年和2008年在三个跨流域海洋运动中收集了海水样本。极地混合层（PML；地表水质量）中的Σ_（14）PBDE浓度范围为0.3至11.2 pg·L〜（-1），在北极圈架海中浓度较高，而内部盆地中浓度较低。 BDE-209是大多数泛北极地区的主要同源物，除了靠近Norm America的地区（五溴联苯醚和四溴联苯醚的同源物占主导）。在深水体中，Σ_（14）PBDE的浓度比PML中的浓度高1个数量级。 BDE-209随深度降低，而溴化程度较低的同类物，特别是BDE-47和BDE-99，则通过水柱向下增加。同样，任何多溴二苯醚商业混合物中都不存在的同类物BDE-71的浓度随深度的增加而增加，这可能是BDE-209脱溴的结果。北极中部盆地三个水团（PML，大西洋中层水层和北极深水层）的清单分别为158±77千克，6320±235千克和30800±3100千克。整个北冰洋中多溴二苯醚的总负荷表明，只有少量的多溴二苯醚排放量被输送到北冰洋。这些发现代表了海洋深水舱室中的第一批多溴二苯醚数据。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2016年第5期|2236-2245|共10页
  • 作者

    Joan A. Salvado; Anna Sobek; Daniel Carrizo; OErjan Gustafsson;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, Stockholm, 10691 Sweden;

    Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, Stockholm, 10691 Sweden;

    Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University, Belfast, BT9 5BN United Kingdom;

    Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, Stockholm, 10691 Sweden;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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